Despite the reduction of global asbestos consumption and production due to the ban or restriction of asbestos uses in more than 50 countries since the 1970s, malignant mesothelioma remains a disease of concern. Asbestos is still used, imported, and exported in several countries, and the number of mesothelioma deaths may be expected to increase in the next decades in these countries. Asbestos exposure is the main risk factor for malignant pleural mesothelioma, but other types of exposures are linked to the occurrence of this type of cancer. Although recent treatments improve the quality of life of patients with mesothelioma, malignant pleural mesothelioma remains an aggressive disease. Recent treatments have not resulted in appreciable improvement in survival, and thus development of more efficient therapies is urgently needed. The development of novel therapeutic strategies is dependent on our level of knowledge of the physiopathological and molecular changes that mesothelial cells acquired during the neoplastic process. During the past 5 years, new findings have been published on the etiology, epidemiology, molecular changes, and innovative treatments of malignant pleural mesothelioma. This review aims to update the findings of recent investigations on etiology, epidemiology, and molecular changes with a focus on (1) attributable risk of asbestos exposure in men and women and (2) coexposure to other minerals and other elongated mineral particles or high aspect ratio nanoparticles. Recent data obtained on genomic and gene alterations, pathways deregulations, and predisposing factors are summarized.

中文翻译：

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恶性胸膜间皮瘤与接触石棉和其他细长矿物质颗粒之间的关系的最新进展为五年。

尽管自1970年代以来在50多个国家中禁止或限制使用石棉，导致全球石棉消费和生产减少，但恶性间皮瘤仍然是令人关注的疾病。石棉在一些国家仍在使用，进口和出口，在这些国家中，间皮瘤死亡人数预计在未来几十年会增加。石棉暴露是恶性胸膜间皮瘤的主要危险因素，但其他类型的暴露也与这类癌症的发生有关。尽管最近的治疗改善了间皮瘤患者的生活质量，但是恶性胸膜间皮瘤仍然是一种侵袭性疾病。最近的治疗并未导致存活率的明显改善，因此迫切需要开发更有效的疗法。新型治疗策略的发展取决于我们对肿瘤过程中间皮细胞获得的生理病理学和分子变化的了解水平。在过去的五年中，关于恶性胸膜间皮瘤的病因，流行病学，分子变化和创新疗法的新发现已经发表。这篇综述旨在更新有关病因，流行病学和分子变化的最新研究结果，重点是（1）男女接触石棉的可归因风险，以及（2）与其他矿物质和其他细长矿物质颗粒或高矿物质的共同暴露比例的纳米粒子。总结了有关基因组和基因改变，途径失调和诱发因素的最新数据。