The critical need for species preservation has driven the evolution of mechanisms that integrate stress signals from both exogenous and endogenous sources. Past research has been largely focused on cell-autonomous stress responses; however, recently their systemic outcomes within an organism and their implications at the ecological and species levels have emerged. Maintenance of species depends on the high fidelity transmission of the genome over infinite generations; thus, many pathways exist to monitor and restore the integrity of the genome and to coordinate DNA repair with other cellular processes, such as cell division and growth. The specifics of these DNA damage responses (DDRs) vary vastly but some general themes are conserved from ancient organisms, such as bacteria and archaea, to humans. Despite decades of research, however, DDRs still have many layers of complexity and some surprises left to be discovered. One of the most interesting current research topics is the link between DNA damage and stress resistance: the outcomes of DDRs can protect the organism from other secondary challenges. At this time, these types of responses are best characterized in bacteria and the simple metazoan model, Caenorhabditis elegans, but it is becoming clear that similar processes also exist in higher organisms.

中文翻译：

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DNA 损伤反应和抗压性：从细菌 SOS 到后生动物免疫的概念。

对物种保护的迫切需求推动了整合来自外源和内源压力信号的机制的演变。过去的研究主要集中在细胞自主的压力反应上。然而，最近它们在生物体内的系统性结果及其在生态和物种层面的影响已经出现。物种的维持取决于基因组在无限世代中的高保真传输；因此，存在许多途径来监测和恢复基因组的完整性，并协调 DNA 修复与其他细胞过程，如细胞分裂和生长。这些 DNA 损伤反应 (DDR) 的细节差异很大，但一些普遍的主题是从古代生物体（如细菌和古细菌）到人类的。然而，尽管经过数十年的研究，DDRs 仍然有许多层的复杂性和一些有待发现的惊喜。当前最有趣的研究主题之一是 DNA 损伤和抗压性之间的联系：DDR 的结果可以保护生物体免受其他次要挑战。目前，这些类型的反应在细菌和简单的后生动物模型秀丽隐杆线虫（Caenorhabditis elegans）中得到最好的表征，但越来越清楚的是，类似的过程也存在于高等生物中。