Attention Restoration Theory (ART) suggests the ability to concentrate may be restored by exposure to natural environments. Although widely cited, it is unclear as to the quantity of empirical evidence that supports this. A systematic review regarding the impact of exposure to natural environments on attention was conducted. Seven electronic databases were searched. Studies were included if (1) they were natural experiments, randomized investigations, or recorded "before and after" measurements; (2) compared natural and nonnatural/other settings; and (3) used objective measures of attention. Screening of articles for inclusion, data extraction, and quality appraisal were performed by one reviewer and checked by another. Where possible, random effects meta-analysis was used to pool effect sizes. Thirty-one studies were included. Meta-analyses provided some support for ART, with significant positive effects of exposure to natural environments for three measures (Digit Span Forward, Digit Span Backward, and Trail Making Test B). The remaining 10 meta-analyses did not show marked beneficial effects. Meta-analysis was limited by small numbers of investigations, small samples, heterogeneity in reporting of study quality indicators, and heterogeneity of outcomes. This review highlights the diversity of evidence around ART in terms of populations, study design, and outcomes. There is uncertainty regarding which aspects of attention may be affected by exposure to natural environments.

中文翻译：

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注意力恢复理论：对暴露于自然环境中的注意力恢复潜力的系统评价。

注意恢复理论（ART）表明，通过暴露于自然环境可以恢复集中注意力的能力。尽管被广泛引用，但尚不清楚支持这一点的经验证据的数量。对暴露于自然环境对注意力的影响进行了系统评价。搜索了七个电子数据库。如果（1）是自然实验，随机调查或在“测量前后”进行记录，则将这些研究包括在内；（2）比较自然和非自然/其他设置；（3）采取客观的注意力衡量方法。由一名审阅者对包含，数据提取和质量评估的文章进行筛选，然后由另一名审阅者进行检查。在可能的情况下，使用随机效应荟萃分析来汇总效应量。包括三十一项研究。荟萃分析为抗逆转录病毒疗法提供了一定的支持，对自然环境的三项测量（正向数字跨度，向后数字跨度和尾迹制作测试B）具有显着的积极影响。其余10项荟萃分析未显示明显的有益效果。荟萃分析受限于少量的调查，少量的样本，研究质量指标报告的异质性和结果的异质性。这篇综述着重指出了有关人群，研究设计和结果方面抗逆转录病毒疗法的证据的多样性。关于暴露于自然环境可能会影响注意力的哪些方面尚不确定。其余10项荟萃分析未显示明显的有益效果。荟萃分析受限于少量的调查，少量的样本，研究质量指标报告的异质性和结果的异质性。这篇综述强调了有关人群，研究设计和结果方面抗逆转录病毒疗法的证据的多样性。关于暴露于自然环境可能会影响注意力的哪些方面尚不确定。其余10项荟萃分析未显示明显的有益效果。荟萃分析受限于少量的调查，少量的样本，研究质量指标报告的异质性和结果的异质性。这篇综述强调了有关人群，研究设计和结果方面抗逆转录病毒疗法的证据的多样性。关于暴露于自然环境可能会影响注意力的哪些方面尚不确定。