Exocytosis is the fundamental process by which cells communicate with each other. The events that lead up to the fusion of a vesicle loaded with chemical messenger with the cell membrane were the subject of a Nobel Prize in 2013. However, the processes occurring after the initial formation of a fusion pore are very much still in debate. The release of chemical messenger has traditionally been thought to occur through full distention of the vesicle membrane, hence assuming exocytosis to be all or none. In contrast to the all or none hypothesis, here we discuss the evidence that during exocytosis the vesicle-membrane pore opens to release only a portion of the transmitter content during exocytosis and then close again. This open and closed exocytosis is distinct from kiss-and-run exocytosis, in that it appears to be the main content released during regular exocytosis. The evidence for this partial release via open and closed exocytosis is presented considering primarily the quantitative evidence obtained with amperometry.

中文翻译：

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开放和封闭胞吐作为主要释放机制的证据

胞吐作用是细胞相互交流的基本过程。导致载有化学信使的囊泡与细胞膜融合的事件是 2013 年诺贝尔奖的主题。然而，在最初形成融合孔之后发生的过程仍然存在争议。传统上认为化学信使的释放是通过囊泡膜的充分膨胀发生的，因此假设胞吐作用是全部或没有。与全有或全无假设相反，这里我们讨论了在胞吐过程中囊泡膜孔打开以释放仅一部分递质内容物在胞吐过程中然后再次关闭的证据。这种开放和封闭的胞吐作用不同于接吻和跑的胞吐作用，因为它似乎是常规胞吐过程中释放的主要内容。主要考虑使用电流测定法获得的定量证据，提出了通过开放和封闭胞吐作用进行部分释放的证据。