DCs, like the sensory neurons, express vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1). Here we demonstrate that the VR1 agonists, capsaicin (CP) and resiniferatoxin (RTX), enhance antiviral CTL responses by increasing MHC class I-restricted viral antigen presentation in dendritic cells (DCs). Bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) were infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus (VV) expressing OVA (VV-OVA), and then treated with CP or RTX. Both CP and RTX increased MHC class I-restricted presentation of virus-encoded endogenous OVA in BM-DCs. Oral administration of CP or RTX significantly increased MHC class I-restricted OVA presentation by splenic and lymph node DCs in VV-OVA-infected mice, as assessed by directly measuring OVA peptide SIINFEKL-Kb complexes on the cell surface and by performing functional assays using OVA-specific CD8 T cells. Accordingly, oral administration of CP or RTX elicited potent OVA-specific CTL activity in VV-OVA-infected mice. The results from this study demonstrate that VR1 agonists enhance anti-viral CTL responses, as well as a neuro-immune connection in anti-viral immune responses.

中文翻译：

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香草素受体 1 激动剂、辣椒素和树脂毒素，增强受病毒感染的树突细胞中 MHC I 类限制性病毒抗原的呈递

DC 与感觉神经元一样，表达香草素受体 1 (VR1)。在这里，我们证明 VR1 激动剂、辣椒素 (CP) 和树脂毒素 (RTX) 通过增加树突细胞 (DC) 中 MHC I 类限制性病毒抗原的呈递来增强抗病毒 CTL 反应。骨髓来源的 DCs (BM-DCs) 感染了表达 OVA (VV-OVA) 的重组痘苗病毒 (VV)，然后用 CP 或 RTX 处理。CP 和 RTX 都增加了 BM-DC 中病毒编码的内源性 OVA 的 MHC I 类限制性呈现。CP 或 RTX 的口服给药显着增加了 VV-OVA 感染小鼠脾脏和淋巴结 DC 的 MHC I 类限制性 OVA 呈递，如通过直接测量细胞表面上的 OVA 肽 SIINFEKL-Kb 复合物并通过使用功能测定进行评估OVA 特异性 CD8 T 细胞。因此，CP 或 RTX 的口服给药在 VV-OVA 感染的小鼠中引发了有效的 OVA 特异性 CTL 活性。这项研究的结果表明，VR1 激动剂可增强抗病毒 CTL 反应，以及抗病毒免疫反应中的神经免疫联系。