The acute phase protein Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) plays a non-redundant role as a soluble pattern recognition receptor for selected pathogens and it represents a rapid biomarker for primary local activation of innate immunity and inflammation. Recent evidence indicates that PTX3 exerts an important role in modulating the cardiovascular system in humans and experimental models. In particular, there are conflicting points concerning the effects of PTX3 in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) since several observations indicate a cardiovascular protective effect of PTX3 while others speculate that the increased plasma levels of PTX3 in subjects with CVD correlate with disease severity and with poor prognosis in elderly patients. In the present review, we discuss the multifaceted effects of PTX3 on the cardiovascular system focusing on its involvement in atherosclerosis, endothelial function, hypertension, myocardial infarction and angiogenesis. This may help to explain how the specific modulation of PTX3 such as the use of different dosing, time, and target organs could help to contain different vascular diseases. These opposite actions of PTX3 will be emphasized concerning the modulation of cardiovascular system where potential therapeutic implications of PTX3 in humans are discussed.

中文翻译：

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心血管疾病中的炎性蛋白Pentraxin 3。

急性期蛋白Pentraxin 3（PTX3）作为选定病原体的可溶性模式识别受体，发挥着非冗余的作用，它代表了先天免疫和炎症的主要局部激活的快速生物标记。最近的证据表明，PTX3在调节人类和实验模型的心血管系统中起着重要作用。特别是，关于PTX3在心血管疾病（CVD）中的作用存在矛盾之处，因为一些观察结果表明PTX3具有心血管保护作用，而另一些则推测，患有CVD的受试者中PTX3血浆水平升高与疾病的严重程度和预后不良相关在老年患者中。在目前的评论中，我们讨论PTX3对心血管系统的多方面影响，重点在于其参与动脉粥样硬化，内皮功能，高血压，心肌梗塞和血管生成。这可能有助于解释PTX3的特定调节（例如使用不同的剂量，时间和目标器官）如何有助于包含不同的血管疾病。PTX3的这些相反作用将在心血管系统的调节中得到强调，在此讨论了PTX3在人体中的潜在治疗意义。