Participation of the public and stakeholders in river basin management is increasingly promoted because it is expected to improve resource management and enable participants to engage freely and equally in management (support democratic processes). Three overlapping and interacting mechanisms by which participation is expected to enhance river basin management are outlined: (1) providing space for deliberation and consensus building for better quality decisions, (2) mobilizing and developing human and social capital for better quality decisions and their implementation, and (3) raising the legitimacy of decisions to facilitate their implementation. There are several complexities associated with each of the mechanisms that add challenges to realizing the expectations of participation. They include the need to carefully manage consensus building and conflict to maximize the quality of the decision without jeopardizing the potential for implementation; being aware of and implementing strategies to manage asymmetrical power relationships between participants; ensuring that participants perceive benefits from participation that exceed costs; and defining criteria for a legitimate process, and a legitimate decision, that satisfy all participants. Strategies identified to address these challenges focus on managing the characteristics of the participation process. Ongoing evaluation during a participation program or project is essential to reflect and refine how participation is being done, to address the challenges and endeavor to achieve high‐quality decisions that can be implemented efficiently. WIREs Water 2015, 2:393–405. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1086

中文翻译：

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利益相关者和公众参与流域管理－简介。

公众和利益相关者在流域管理中的参与日益得到促进，因为它有望改善资源管理，并使参与者能够自由平等地参与管理（支持民主进程）。概述了三个重叠和相互作用的机制，有望通过这种机制来加强流域管理：（1）为进行更好的质量决策提供审议和建立共识的空间；（2）为更好的质量决策及其实施动员和发展人力和社会资本。 （3）提高决策的合法性以促进其执行。每个机制都具有多种复杂性，这给实现参与期望增加了挑战。其中包括需要认真管理共识的建立和冲突，以在不损害执行潜力的情况下最大限度地提高决策质量；意识到并实施策略来管理参与者之间的不对称权力关系；确保参与者意识到参与所带来的收益超过成本；并为满足所有参与者的合法程序和合理决定定义标准。确定应对这些挑战的策略着重于管理参与过程的特征。参与计划或项目期间正在进行的评估对于反映和完善参与的方式，应对挑战并努力实现可以有效实施的高质量决策至关重要。意识到并实施策略来管理参与者之间的不对称权力关系；确保参与者意识到参与所带来的收益超过成本；并为满足所有参与者的合法程序和合理决定定义标准。确定应对这些挑战的策略着重于管理参与过程的特征。参与计划或项目期间正在进行的评估对于反映和完善参与的方式，应对挑战并努力实现可以有效实施的高质量决策至关重要。意识到并实施策略来管理参与者之间的不对称权力关系；确保参与者意识到参与所带来的收益超过成本；并为满足所有参与者的合法程序和合理决定定义标准。确定应对这些挑战的策略着重于管理参与过程的特征。参与计划或项目期间正在进行的评估对于反映和完善参与的方式，应对挑战并努力实现可以有效实施的高质量决策至关重要。以及令所有参与者满意的合法决定。确定应对这些挑战的策略着重于管理参与过程的特征。参与计划或项目期间正在进行的评估对于反映和完善参与的方式，应对挑战并努力实现可以有效实施的高质量决策至关重要。以及令所有参与者满意的合法决定。确定应对这些挑战的策略集中于管理参与过程的特征。参与计划或项目期间正在进行的评估对于反映和完善参与的方式，应对挑战并努力实现可以有效实施的高质量决策至关重要。WIREs Water 2015，2：393-405。doi：10.1002 / wat2.1086