A series of experiments were conducted to quantify and characterize the optical and physical properties of combustion-generated aerosols during both flaming and smoldering combustion of three materials common to underground mines—Pittsburgh Seam coal, Styrene Butadiene Rubber (a common mine conveyor belt material), and Douglas-fir wood—using a combination of analytical and gravimetric measurements. Laser photometers were utilized in the experiments for continuous measurement of aerosol mass concentrations and for comparison to measurements made using gravimetric filter samples. The aerosols of interest lie in the size range of tens to a few hundred nanometers, out of range of the standard photometer calibration. To correct for these uncertainties, the photometer mass concentrations were compared to gravimetric samples to determine if consistent correlations existed. The response of a calibrated and modified combination ionization/photoelectric smoke detector was also used. In addition, the responses of this sensor and a similar, prototype ionization/photoelectric sensor, along with discrete angular scattering, total scattering, and total extinction measurements, were used to define in real time the size, morphology, and radiative transfer properties of these differing aerosols that are generally in the form of fractal aggregates. SEM/TEM images were also obtained in order to compare qualitatively the real-time, continuous experimental measurements with the visual microscopic measurements. These data clearly show that significant differences exist between aerosols from flaming and from smoldering combustion and that these differences produce very different scattering and absorption signatures. The data also indicate that ionization/photoelectric sensors can be utilized to measure continuously and in real time aerosol properties over a broad spectrum of applications related to adverse environmental and health effects.

中文翻译：

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使用分析和显微技术量化燃烧产生的碳质气溶胶 (< PM2.5) 的光学和物理特性

进行了一系列实验，以量化和表征三种地下矿山常见材料——匹兹堡煤层、丁苯橡胶（一种常见的矿山输送带材料）的燃烧和阴燃燃烧过程中燃烧产生的气溶胶的光学和物理特性。和花旗松木——使用分析和重量测量的组合。在实验中使用激光光度计连续测量气溶胶质量浓度，并与使用重量法过滤器样品进行的测量进行比较。感兴趣的气溶胶在几十到几百纳米的尺寸范围内，超出了标准光度计校准的范围。为了纠正这些不确定性，将光度计质量浓度与重量分析样品进行比较，以确定是否存在一致的相关性。还使用了校准和改进的组合电离/光电烟雾探测器的响应。此外，该传感器和类似的原型电离/光电传感器的响应，以及离散角散射、总散射和总消光测量，用于实时定义这些传感器的尺寸、形态和辐射传输特性。不同的气溶胶通常以分形聚集体的形式存在。还获得了 SEM/TEM 图像，以便定性地比较实时、连续的实验测量与视觉显微测量。这些数据清楚地表明，燃烧产生的气溶胶和阴燃燃烧产生的气溶胶之间存在显着差异，并且这些差异会产生非常不同的散射和吸收特征。数据还表明，电离/光电传感器可用于在与不利环境和健康影响相关的广泛应用中连续和实时测量气溶胶特性。