Since the discovery in 1973 of the first of the bacterial lipoproteins (Lpp) in Escherichia coli, Braun's lipoprotein, the ever-increasing number of publications indicates the importance of these proteins. Bacterial Lpp belong to the class of lipid-anchored proteins that in Gram-negative bacteria are anchored in both the cytoplasmic and outer membranes and in Gram-positive bacteria are anchored only in the cytoplasmic membrane. In contrast to the case for Gram-negative bacteria, in Gram-positive bacteria lipoprotein maturation and processing are not vital. Physiologically, Lpp play an important role in nutrient and ion acquisition, allowing particularly pathogenic species to better survive in the host. Bacterial Lpp are recognized by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) of the innate immune system. The important role of Lpp in Gram-positive bacteria, particularly in the phylum Firmicutes, as key players in the immune response and pathogenicity has emerged only in recent years. In this review, we address the role of Lpp in signaling and modulating the immune response, in inflammation, and in pathogenicity. We also address the potential of Lpp as promising vaccine candidates.

中文翻译：

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革兰氏阳性细菌的脂蛋白：免疫应答和毒力的关键因素。

自1973年在大肠杆菌中发现第一种细菌脂蛋白（Lpp），即布劳恩脂蛋白以来，越来越多的出版物表明了这些蛋白的重要性。细菌Lpp属于脂质锚定的蛋白质，在革兰氏阴性细菌中锚定在细胞质和外膜中，而革兰氏阳性细菌中仅锚定在细胞质膜中。与革兰氏阴性菌相反，在革兰氏阳性菌中脂蛋白的成熟和加工并不重要。在生理上，Lpp在营养和离子获取中起重要作用，从而使特别是致病性物种能够更好地在宿主中生存。细菌Lpp被先天免疫系统的Toll样受体2（TLR2）识别。Lpp在革兰氏阳性细菌中的重要作用，尤其是在硬毛纲门中，作为免疫应答和致病性的关键因素，直到最近才出现。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了Lpp在信号传导和调节免疫反应，炎症和致病性中的作用。我们还探讨了Lpp作为有前途的候选疫苗的潜力。