This study was designed to investigate if the working memory profiles of children living in rural poverty are distinct from the working memory profiles of children living in urban poverty. Verbal and visuospatial working memory tasks were administered to sixth-grade students living in low-income rural, low-income urban, high-income rural, and high-income urban developmental contexts. Both low-income rural and low-income urban children showed working memory deficits compared with their high-income counterparts, but their deficits were distinct. Low-income urban children exhibited symmetrical verbal and visuospatial working memory deficits compared with their high-income urban counterparts. Meanwhile, low-income rural children exhibited asymmetrical deficits when compared with their high-income rural counterparts, with more extreme visuospatial working memory deficits than verbal working memory deficits. These results suggest that different types of poverty are associated with different working memory abilities.

中文翻译：

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农村和城市贫困儿童的工作记忆差异

本研究旨在调查农村贫困儿童的工作记忆状况是否与城市贫困儿童的工作记忆状况不同。对生活在低收入农村、低收入城市、高收入农村和高收入城市发展环境中的六年级学生进行语言和视觉空间工作记忆任务。与高收入儿童相比，低收入农村和低收入城市儿童都表现出工作记忆缺陷，但他们的缺陷是不同的。与高收入城市儿童相比，低收入城市儿童表现出对称的语言和视觉空间工作记忆缺陷。同时，与高收入农村儿童相比，低收入农村儿童表现出不对称的赤字，与语言工作记忆缺陷相比，视觉空间工作记忆缺陷更严重。这些结果表明，不同类型的贫困与不同的工作记忆能力有关。