Dihydromyricetin (DMY) a flavonoid derived from medicinal plant Ampelopsis grossedentata, possesses anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, however, the in vivo anti-inflammatory action of DMY remains unknown. In the current study, carrageenan-induced paw edema in rat, an acute inflammation model, and RAW264.7 macrophages activated by LPS were employed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potency of DMY in vivo and in vitro. Results showed that DMY significantly attenuated rat paw edema induced by carrageenan. Also, DMY markedly inhibited NO secretion, iNOS, and COX-2 protein expression, as well as p65 phosphorylation via suppression of IKKβ activity and IKKα/β phosphorylation in RAW264.7 cells. And using high resolution Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), we also proved that DMY prevented morphological change and membrane alterations of RAW 264.7 macrophages caused by LPS stimulation. As activation of macrophages is one of major factors in carrageenan-induced paw edema of rats, the anti-inflammatory action of DMY is suggested to be closely associated with suppression of macrophage activation. These findings indicate that DMY is valuable of being further investigated as a candidate new agent for treating inflammatory conditions, and suggest that AFM could be a powerful nanotool for anti-inflammatory investigations. SCANNING 38:901-912, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

中文翻译：

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二氢杨梅素通过抑制巨噬细胞中的 IKKβ 活性来抑制体外和体内的炎症反应

二氢杨梅素 (DMY) 是一种来自药用植物 Ampelopsisgrossedentata 的黄酮类化合物，在体外具有抗氧化和抗炎作用，然而，DMY 的体内抗炎作用仍然未知。在目前的研究中，采用角叉菜胶诱导的大鼠足部水肿、急性炎症模型和 LPS 激活的 RAW264.7 巨噬细胞来评估 DMY 在体内和体外的抗炎效力。结果表明，DMY显着减轻角叉菜胶引起的大鼠爪水肿。此外，DMY 通过抑制 RAW264.7 细胞中的 IKKβ 活性和 IKKα/β 磷酸化显着抑制 NO 分泌、iNOS 和 COX-2 蛋白表达以及 p65 磷酸化。并使用高分辨率原子力显微镜（AFM），我们还证明 DMY 可以防止 LPS 刺激引起的 RAW 264.7 巨噬细胞的形态变化和膜改变。由于巨噬细胞的活化是角叉菜胶诱导的大鼠足部水肿的主要因素之一，DMY 的抗炎作用被认为与抑制巨噬细胞活化密切相关。这些发现表明，DMY 作为一种治疗炎症的候选新剂，值得进一步研究，并表明 AFM 可以成为抗炎研究的强大纳米工具。扫描 38:901-912, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. DMY 的抗炎作用被认为与抑制巨噬细胞活化密切相关。这些发现表明，DMY 作为一种治疗炎症的候选新剂，值得进一步研究，并表明 AFM 可以成为抗炎研究的强大纳米工具。扫描 38:901-912, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. DMY 的抗炎作用被认为与抑制巨噬细胞活化密切相关。这些发现表明，DMY 作为一种治疗炎症的候选新剂，值得进一步研究，并表明 AFM 可以成为抗炎研究的强大纳米工具。扫描 38:901-912, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.