There are several approaches for the management of malignant disease. However, tumor resistance to therapy is still a major challenge in the clinic. Efflux transporters, genetic responses and enzyme activity in tumor cells are examples of the main modalities that account for resistance to therapy. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that the host also plays a significant role in promoting therapy resistance. Recruitment of different host cell types to the treated tumor site occurs in response to a range of therapies, including chemotherapy, radiation and even targeted drugs. This host response may have a protective effect on the tumor cells, not only negating anti-tumor activity, but also promoting a resistant tumor. In this review, we focus on host-tumor interactions leading to therapy resistance with special emphasis on different host cells and secreted factors within the tumor microenvironment. The development of novel inhibitors that block the host response to therapy could be used as a treatment strategy to enhance therapy outcomes and survival.

中文翻译：

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宿主效应导致癌症治疗抵抗。

有多种治疗恶性疾病的方法。然而，肿瘤对治疗的耐药性仍然是临床面临的主要挑战。肿瘤细胞中的外排转运蛋白、遗传反应和酶活性是导致治疗抵抗的主要方式的例子。此外，新出现的证据表明，宿主在促进治疗耐药性方面也发挥着重要作用。不同宿主细胞类型向治疗的肿瘤部位募集是对一系列疗法的反应，包括化疗、放疗甚至靶向药物。这种宿主反应可能对肿瘤细胞具有保护作用，不仅会抑制抗肿瘤活性，还会促进产生耐药性肿瘤。在这次审查中，我们专注于导致治疗抵抗的宿主-肿瘤相互作用，特别强调肿瘤微环境中的不同宿主细胞和分泌因子。阻断宿主对治疗反应的新型抑制剂的开发可用作提高治疗效果和存活率的治疗策略。