Hematopoietic stem cells are endowed with a distinct potential to bolster self-renewal and to generate progeny that differentiate into mature cells of myeloid and lymphoid lineages. Both hematopoietic stem cells and mature cells have the same genome, but their gene expression is controlled by an additional layer of epigenetics such as DNA methylation and post-translational histone modifications, enabling each cell-type to acquire various forms and functions. Until recently, several studies have largely focussed on the transcription factors andniche factors for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which hematopoietic cells replicate and differentiate. Several lines of emerging evidence suggest that epigenetic modifications eventually result in a defined chromatin structure and an "individual" gene expression pattern, which play an essential role in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Distinct epigenetic marks decide which sets of genes may be expressed and which genes are kept silent. Epigenetic mechanisms are interdependent and ensure lifelong production of blood and bone marrow, thereby contributing to stem cell homeostasis. The epigenetic analysis of hematopoiesis raises the exciting possibility that chromatin structure is dynamic enough for regulated expression of genes. Though controlled chromatin accessibility plays an essential role in maintaining blood homeostasis; mutations in chromatin impacts on the regulation of genes critical to the development of leukemia. In this review, we explored the contribution of epigenetic machinery which has implications for the ramification of molecular details of hematopoietic self-renewal for normal development and underlying events that potentially co-operate to induce leukemia.

中文翻译：

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造血干细胞的表观遗传调控。

造血干细胞具有增强自我更新和产生后代的独特潜力，这些后代可分化为髓样和淋巴谱系的成熟细胞。造血干细胞和成熟细胞都具有相同的基因组，但是它们的基因表达受表观遗传学的附加层控制，例如DNA甲基化和翻译后组蛋白修饰，使每种细胞类型都能获得各种形式和功能。直到最近，几项研究主要集中在转录因子和小生境因子上，以了解造血细胞复制和分化的分子机制。几条新兴证据表明，表观遗传修饰最终会导致确定的染色质结构和“个体”基因表达模式，它们在调节造血干细胞的自我更新和分化中起着至关重要的作用。不同的表观遗传标记决定了哪些基因可以表达，哪些基因保持沉默。表观遗传机制是相互依赖的，并确保血液和骨髓的终生产生，从而促进干细胞稳态。造血的表观遗传学分析提出了令人激动的可能性，即染色质结构足够动态以调节基因的表达。尽管染色质的可控制性在维持血液稳态方面起着至关重要的作用。染色质的突变影响对白血病发展至关重要的基因的调节。在这篇评论中，