Cancer is a leading cause of death in many countries around the world. However, the efficacy of current standard treatments for a variety of cancers is suboptimal. First, most cancer treatments lack specificity, meaning that these treatments affect both cancer cells and their normal counterparts. Second, many anticancer agents are highly toxic, and thus, limit their use in treatment. Third, a number of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics are highly hydrophobic, which limits their utility in cancer therapy. Finally, many chemotherapeutic agents exhibit short half-lives that curtail their efficacy. As a result of these deficiencies, many current treatments lead to side effects, noncompliance, and patient inconvenience due to difficulties in administration. However, the application of nanotechnology has led to the development of effective nanosized drug delivery systems known commonly as nanoparticles. Among these delivery systems, lipid-based nanoparticles, particularly liposomes, have shown to be quite effective at exhibiting the ability to: 1) improve the selectivity of cancer chemotherapeutic agents; 2) lower the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs to normal tissues, and thus, reduce their toxic side effects; 3) increase the solubility of hydrophobic drugs; and 4) offer a prolonged and controlled release of agents. This review will discuss the current state of lipid-based nanoparticle research, including the development of liposomes for cancer therapy, different strategies for tumor targeting, liposomal formulation of various anticancer drugs that are commercially available, recent progress in liposome technology for the treatment of cancer, and the next generation of lipid-based nanoparticles.

中文翻译：

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癌症治疗中的基于脂质的药物输送系统：现有的和未来的。

癌症是世界许多国家的首要死因。然而，目前对多种癌症的标准治疗效果并不理想。首先，大多数癌症治疗缺乏特异性，这意味着这些治疗既影响癌细胞又影响正常细胞。其次，许多抗癌剂具有剧毒，因此限制了它们在治疗中的使用。第三，许多细胞毒性化疗药物具有高度疏水性，这限制了它们在癌症治疗中的应用。最后，许多化疗药物的半衰期较短，从而降低了其疗效。由于这些缺陷，许多当前的治疗方法会导致副作用、不依从性以及由于给药困难而给患者带来不便。然而，纳米技术的应用导致了有效的纳米药物输送系统的开发，通常称为纳米颗粒。在这些递送系统中，基于脂质的纳米颗粒，特别是脂质体，已被证明在以下方面非常有效：1）提高癌症化疗药物的选择性；2）降低抗癌药物对正常组织的细胞毒性，从而减少其毒副作用；3）增加疏水性药物的溶解度；4) 提供药物的延长和受控释放。本综述将讨论基于脂质的纳米粒子研究现状，包括用于癌症治疗的脂质体的开发、肿瘤靶向的不同策略、市售的各种抗癌药物的脂质体制剂、用于治疗癌症的脂质体技术的最新进展，以及下一代基于脂质的纳米颗粒。