The majority of cells in nature probably exist in a stationary-phase-like state, due to nutrient limitation in most environments. Studies on bacteria and yeast reveal morphological and physiological changes throughout the stationary phase, which lead to an increased ability to survive prolonged nutrient limitation. However, there is little information on archaeal stationary phase responses. We investigated protein- and lipid-level changes in Thermococcus kodakarensis with extended time in the stationary phase. Adaptations to time in stationary phase included increased proportion of membrane lipids with a tetraether backbone, synthesis of proteins that ensure translational fidelity, specific regulation of ABC transporters (upregulation of some, downregulation of others), and upregulation of proteins involved in coenzyme production. Given that the biological mechanism of tetraether synthesis is unknown, we also considered whether any of the protein-level changes in T. kodakarensis might shed light on the production of tetraether lipids across the same period. A putative carbon-nitrogen hydrolase, a TldE (a protease in Escherichia coli) homologue, and a membrane bound hydrogenase complex subunit were candidates for possible involvement in tetraether-related reactions, while upregulation of adenosylcobalamin synthesis proteins might lend support to a possible radical mechanism as a trigger for tetraether synthesis.

中文翻译：

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Thermococcus kodakarensis 整个静止期的蛋白质组和脂质组。

由于大多数环境中的营养限制，自然界中的大多数细胞可能处于类似静止期的状态。对细菌和酵母的研究揭示了整个静止期的形态和生理变化，这导致在长期营养限制中生存的能力增加。然而，关于古菌固定相反应的信息很少。我们研究了Thermococcus kodakarensis的蛋白质和脂质水平变化在固定相的时间延长。对静止期时间的适应包括增加具有四醚骨架的膜脂比例、确保翻译保真度的蛋白质合成、ABC 转运蛋白的特异性调节（一些上调，另一些下调）以及参与辅酶生产的蛋白质的上调。鉴于四醚合成的生物学机制尚不清楚，我们还考虑了T. kodakarensis的任何蛋白质水平变化是否可能揭示同期四醚脂质的产生。一种假定的碳氮水解酶，一种 TldE（大肠杆菌中的一种蛋白酶）) 同源物和膜结合氢化酶复合物亚基是可能参与四醚相关反应的候选者，而腺苷钴胺素合成蛋白的上调可能会支持可能的自由基机制作为四醚合成的触发因素。