Conflict management strategies can reduce costs of aggressive competition in group-living animals. Postconflict behaviors such as reconciliation and third-party postconflict affiliation are widely accepted as social skills in primates and have been demonstrated in many species. Although immature primates possess a repertoire of species-specific behaviors, it is thought that they gradually develop appropriate social skills throughout prolonged juvenility to establish and maintain complex social relationships within their group. We examined the occurrence of postconflict skills in five immature chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) over 15 mo, focusing on interactions that were not with the subject’s mother. We observed reconciliation, with conciliatory tendencies comparable to adults, and provide the first evidence that captive immature chimpanzees commonly reconciled using social play. However, immatures were not more likely to reconcile valuable than nonvaluable relationships. We also observed third party postconflict affiliation although at a lower level than reported for adults. Our results provide evidence for postconflict skills in immature chimpanzees but the lack of higher conciliatory tendency with valuable partners and low occurrence of third-party affiliation indicates extended juvenility may be required refine these skills. Further work is needed to investigate whether these behaviors have the same function and effectiveness as those found in adults.

中文翻译：

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圈养未成熟黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）的冲突后技能的发生

冲突管理策略可以降低群居动物激烈竞争的成本。和解和第三方冲突后附属等冲突后行为被广泛接受为灵长类动物的社交技能，并已在许多物种中得到证明。尽管未成熟的灵长类动物拥有一系列特定于物种的行为，但人们认为它们在长期的青少年时期逐渐发展出适当的社交技能，以在其群体内建立和维持复杂的社会关系。我们检查了 5 只未成熟的黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）在 15 个月内发生的冲突后技能，重点关注与受试者母亲无关的互动。我们观察到和解，其和解倾向与成年人相当，并提供第一个证据证明圈养的未成熟黑猩猩通常通过社交游戏而和解。然而，与无价值的关系相比，不成熟的人更可能调和有价值的关系。我们还观察到第三方冲突后隶属关系，尽管其水平低于成年人报告的水平。我们的结果为未成熟黑猩猩的冲突后技能提供了证据，但与有价值的合作伙伴缺乏较高的和解倾向以及第三方从属关系的发生率低表明可能需要延长幼年期来完善这些技能。需要进一步的工作来调查这些行为是否具有与成年人相同的功能和有效性。我们还观察到第三方冲突后隶属关系，尽管其水平低于成年人报告的水平。我们的结果为未成熟黑猩猩的冲突后技能提供了证据，但与有价值的合作伙伴缺乏较高的和解倾向以及第三方从属关系的发生率低表明可能需要延长幼年期来完善这些技能。需要进一步的工作来调查这些行为是否具有与成年人相同的功能和有效性。我们还观察到第三方冲突后隶属关系，尽管其水平低于成年人报告的水平。我们的结果为未成熟黑猩猩的冲突后技能提供了证据，但与有价值的合作伙伴缺乏较高的和解倾向以及第三方从属关系的发生率低表明可能需要延长幼年期来完善这些技能。需要进一步的工作来调查这些行为是否具有与成年人相同的功能和有效性。