Soon after their discovery in the early 20th century, bacteriophages were recognized to have great potential as antimicrobial agents, a potential that has yet to be fully realized. The nascent field of phage therapy was adversely affected by inadequately controlled trials and the discovery of antibiotics. Although the study of phages as anti-infective agents slowed, phages played an important role in the development of molecular biology. In recent years, the increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria has renewed interest in the use of phages as antimicrobial agents. With the wide array of possibilities offered by genetic engineering, these bacterial viruses are being modified to precisely control and detect bacteria and to serve as new sources of antibacterials. In applications that go beyond their antimicrobial activity, phages are also being developed as vehicles for drug delivery and vaccines, as well as for the assembly of new materials. This review highlights advances in techniques used to engineer phages for all of these purposes and discusses existing challenges and opportunities for future work.

中文翻译：

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基因工程噬菌体：最近十年的进展回顾。

在20世纪初期发现噬菌体后不久，人们就认为噬菌体具有巨大的抗菌剂潜力，这一潜力尚未得到充分认识。对照试验的不足和抗生素的发现对噬菌体治疗的新生领域产生了不利影响。尽管噬菌体作为抗感染药的研究进展缓慢，但噬菌体在分子生物学的发展中起着重要作用。近年来，耐多药细菌的增加重新引起了人们对使用噬菌体作为抗菌剂的兴趣。随着基因工程的广泛应用，对这些细菌病毒进行了修饰，以精确地控制和检测细菌，并作为抗菌剂的新来源。在超出其抗菌活性的应用中，噬菌体还被开发为药物输送和疫苗以及新材料组装的载体。这篇综述重点介绍了用于所有这些目的的噬菌体工程技术的进步，并讨论了未来工作中存在的挑战和机遇。