T cells genetically targeted with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to B-cell malignancies have demonstrated tremendous clinical outcomes. With the proof in principle for CAR T cells as a therapy for B-cell malignancies being established, current and future research is being focused on adapting CAR technology to other cancers, as well as enhancing its efficacy and/or safety. The modular nature of the CAR, extracellular antigen-binding domain fused to a transmembrane domain and intracellular T-cell signaling domains, allows for optimization by replacement of the various components. These modifications are creating a whole new class of therapeutic CARs. In this review, we discuss the recent major advances in CAR design and how these modifications will impact its clinical application.

中文翻译：

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CAR 模型：用于增强 T 细胞功能的下一代 CAR 修饰。

用嵌合抗原受体 (CAR) 基因靶向 B 细胞恶性肿瘤的 T 细胞已显示出巨大的临床效果。随着 CAR T 细胞作为 B 细胞恶性肿瘤疗法的原则证据的建立，当前和未来的研究正集中在使 CAR 技术适应其他癌症，以及提高其疗效和/或安全性。CAR 的模块化性质、与跨膜结构域融合的细胞外抗原结合结构域和细胞内 T 细胞信号结构域允许通过替换各种组件进行优化。这些修改正在创造一类全新的治疗性 CAR。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 CAR 设计的最新重大进展以及这些修改将如何影响其临床应用。