Regulation of stem cells in adult tissues is a key determinant of how well an organism can respond to the stresses of physiological challenge and disease. This is particularly true of the hematopoietic system, where demands on host defenses can call for an acute increase in cell production. Hematopoietic stem cells receive the regulatory signals for cell production in adult mammals in the bone marrow, a tissue with higher-order architectural and functional organization than previously appreciated. Here, we review the data defining particular structural components and heterologous cells in the bone marrow that participate in hematopoietic stem cell function. Further, we explore the case for stromal-hematopoietic cell interactions contributing to neoplastic myeloid disease. As the hematopoietic regulatory networks in the bone marrow are revealed, it is anticipated that strategies will emerge for how to enhance or inhibit production of specific blood cells. In that way, the control of hematopoiesis will enter the domain of therapies to modulate broad aspects of hematopoiesis, both normal and malignant.

中文翻译：

---

健康与疾病中的造血干细胞生态位。

成人组织中干细胞的调节是决定生物体对生理挑战和疾病压力反应能力的关键决定因素。造血系统尤其如此，对宿主防御系统的要求可能要求细胞产量急剧增加。造血干细胞在成年哺乳动物的骨髓中接收用于细胞产生的调节信号，该骨髓具有比先前认识到的更高层次的结构和功能组织。在这里，我们审查定义参与造血干细胞功能的骨髓中的特定结构成分和异源细胞的数据。此外，我们探讨了基质-造血细胞相互作用促成肿瘤性髓样疾病的情况。当骨髓中的造血调节网络被发现时，预期将出现如何增强或抑制特定血细胞产生的策略。这样，对造血功能的控制将进入治疗领域，以调节造血功能的各个方面，包括正常的和恶性的。