Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been widely used for decades as a first-line treatment for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, their use is often hampered by the onset of adverse effects or resistance. GCs mediate their effects via binding to glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a transcription factor belonging to the family of nuclear receptors. An important aspect of GR's actions, including its anti-inflammatory capacity, involves its interactions with various proteins, such as transcription factors, cofactors, and modifying enzymes, which codetermine receptor functionality. In this review, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of GR that positively or negatively affect its anti-inflammatory properties, along with mechanistic insights, if known. Emphasis is placed on the interactions that affect its anti-inflammatory effects in the presence of inflammatory and microbial diseases.

中文翻译：

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糖皮质激素受体的相互作用及其对糖皮质激素抵抗炎症和传染病作用的影响。

糖皮质激素（GCs）作为炎症和自身免疫性疾病的一线治疗已被广泛使用了数十年。然而，它们的使用常常由于不良作用或抗药性的出现而受到阻碍。GC通过与糖皮质激素受体（GR）结合来介导其作用，糖皮质激素受体是一种属于核受体家族的转录因子。GR行动的一个重要方面，包括其抗炎能力，涉及其与各种蛋白质的相互作用，例如转录因子，辅因子和修饰酶，它们共同决定了受体的功能。在这篇综述中，我们提供了对GR的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）产生正向或负面影响的消炎特性的最新技术概述，以及有关机理的见解（如果已知）。