BackgroundAlveologenesis is the last stage in lung development and is essential for building the gas-exchanging units called alveoli. Despite intensive lung research, the intricate crosstalk between mesenchymal and epithelial cell lineages during alveologenesis is poorly understood. This crosstalk contributes to the formation of the secondary septae, which are key structures of healthy alveoli.ConclusionsA better understanding of the cellular and molecular processes underlying the formation of the secondary septae is critical for the development of new therapies to protect or regenerate the alveoli. This review summarizes briefly the alveologenesis process in mouse and human. Further, it discusses the current knowledge on the epithelial and mesenchymal progenitor cells during early lung development giving rise to the key cellular players (e.g., alveolar epithelial cell type I, alveolar epithelial cell type II, alveolar myofibroblast, lipofibroblast) involved in alveologenesis. This review focusses mainly on the role of fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10), one of the most important signaling molecules during lung development, in epithelial and mesenchymal cell lineage formation.

中文翻译：

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肺泡生成：关键细胞参与者和成纤维细胞生长因子 10 信号传导

背景肺泡发生是肺发育的最后阶段，对于构建称为肺泡的气体交换单元至关重要。尽管对肺进行了深入的研究，但对肺泡发生过程中间充质和上皮细胞谱系之间复杂的串扰知之甚少。这种串扰有助于二级隔膜的形成，二级隔膜是健康肺泡的关键结构。结论更好地了解二级隔膜形成背后的细胞和分子过程对于开发保护或再生肺泡的新疗法至关重要。本综述简要总结了小鼠和人类的肺泡形成过程。此外，它还讨论了在早期肺发育过程中上皮和间充质祖细胞的当前知识，从而产生了关键的细胞参与者（例如，肺泡上皮细胞 I 型、肺泡上皮细胞 II 型、肺泡肌成纤维细胞、脂肪成纤维细胞）参与肺泡发生。本综述主要关注成纤维细胞生长因子 10 (FGF10)，它是肺发育过程中最重要的信号分子之一，在上皮和间充质细胞谱系形成中的作用。