Although extensive research documents that Black people in the U.S. frequently experience social discrimination, most of this research aggregates these experiences primarily or exclusively by race. Consequently, empirical gaps exist about the psychosocial costs and benefits of Black men's experiences at the intersection of race and gender. Informed by intersectionality, a theoretical framework that highlights how multiple social identities intersect to reflect interlocking social-structural inequality, this study addresses these gaps with the qualitative development and quantitative test of the Black Men's Experiences Scale (BMES). The BMES assesses Black men's negative experiences with overt discrimination and microaggressions, as well their positive evaluations of what it means to be Black men. First, we conducted focus groups and individual interviews with Black men to develop the BMES. Next, we tested the BMES with 578 predominantly low-income urban Black men between the ages of 18 and 44. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a 12-item, 3-factor solution that explained 63.7% of the variance. We labeled the subscales: Overt Discrimination, Microaggressions, and Positives: Black Men. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor solution. As hypothesized, the BMES's subscales correlated with measures of racial discrimination, depression, resilience, and social class at the neighborhood-level. Preliminary evidence suggests that the BMES is a reliable and valid measure of Black men's experiences at the intersection of race and gender.

中文翻译：

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衡量成为黑人意味着什么的利弊：黑人经验表（BMES）的发展和验证。

尽管广泛的研究文献表明，美国黑人经常遭受社会歧视，但大多数研究还是主要或仅通过种族来汇总这些经验。因此，在种族和性别交集方面，黑人男性经历的社会心理成本和收益存在实证差距。在交叉性的指导下，该理论框架着重强调了多种社会身份如何相交以反映相互联系的社会结构不平等，这项研究通过对黑人经验规模（BMES）的定性发展和定量检验来解决这些差距。BMES评估黑人在公开歧视和微侵略方面的负面经历，以及他们对黑人的意义的正面评价。第一的，我们与黑人进行了焦点小组讨论和个人访谈，以开发BMES。接下来，我们对578名年龄在18至44岁之间的主要低收入城市黑人进行了BMES测试。探索性因素分析提出了12个项目的三因素解决方案，可以解释63.7％的方差。我们将这些分量表标记为：明显的歧视，微侵略和正面：黑人。验证性因素分析支持三因素解决方案。如假设的那样，BMES的子量表与邻里级别的种族歧视，抑郁，适应力和社会阶层的度量相关。初步证据表明，BMES是对黑人在种族和性别交汇处的经历的可靠而有效的衡量。我们对578名年龄在18至44岁之间的主要低收入城市黑人进行了BMES测试。探索性因素分析提出了12个项目的三因素解决方案，可以解释63.7％的方差。我们将这些分量表标记为：明显的歧视，微侵略和正面：黑人。验证性因素分析支持三因素解决方案。如假设的那样，BMES的子量表与邻里级别的种族歧视，抑郁，适应力和社会阶层的度量相关。初步证据表明，BMES是对黑人在种族和性别交汇处的经历的可靠而有效的衡量。我们对578名年龄在18至44岁之间的主要低收入城市黑人进行了BMES测试。探索性因素分析提出了12个项目的三因素解决方案，可以解释63.7％的方差。我们将这些分量表标记为：明显的歧视，微侵略和正面：黑人。验证性因素分析支持三因素解决方案。如假设的那样，BMES的子量表与邻里级别的种族歧视，抑郁，适应力和社会阶层的度量相关。初步证据表明，BMES是对黑人在种族和性别交汇处的经历的可靠而有效的衡量。我们将这些分量表标记为：明显的歧视，微侵略和正面：黑人。验证性因素分析支持三因素解决方案。如假设的那样，BMES的子量表与邻里级别的种族歧视，抑郁，适应力和社会阶层的度量相关。初步证据表明，BMES是对黑人在种族和性别交汇处的经历的可靠而有效的衡量。我们将这些分量表标记为：明显的歧视，微侵略和正面：黑人。验证性因素分析支持三因素解决方案。如假设的那样，BMES的子量表与邻里级别的种族歧视，抑郁，适应力和社会阶层的度量相关。初步证据表明，BMES是对黑人在种族和性别交汇处的经历的可靠而有效的衡量。