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An Attentional Goldilocks Effect: An Optimal Amount of Social Interactivity Promotes Word Learning From Video
Journal of Cognition and Development ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2015-04-16 , DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2015.1034316
Kate Nussenbaum 1 , Dima Amso 1
Affiliation  

Television can be a powerful education tool; however, content makers must understand the factors that engage attention and promote learning from screen media. Prior research has suggested that social engagement is critical for learning and that interactivity may enhance the educational quality of children’s media. The present study examined the effects of increasing the social interactivity of television on children’s visual attention and word learning. Three- to 5-year-old (Mage = 4;5, SD = 9 months) children completed a task in which they viewed videos of an actress teaching them the Swahili label for an on-screen image. Each child viewed these video clips in 4 conditions that parametrically manipulated social engagement and interactivity. We then tested whether each child had successfully learned the Swahili labels. Though 5-year-old children were able to learn words in all conditions, we found that there was an optimal level of social engagement that best supported learning for all participants, defined by engaging the child but not distracting from word labeling. Our eye-tracking data indicated that children in this condition spent more time looking at the target image and less time looking at the actress’s face as compared with the most interactive condition. These findings suggest that social interactivity is critical to engaging attention and promoting learning from screen media up until a certain point, after which social stimuli may draw attention away from target images and impair children’s word learning.

中文翻译:

注意金发姑娘效应:最佳数量的社交互动促进从视频中学习单词

电视可以成为一种强大的教育工具;然而,内容制作者必须了解吸引注意力并促进从屏幕媒体中学习的因素。先前的研究表明,社会参与对学习至关重要,互动性可以提高儿童媒体的教育质量。本研究调查了增加电视的社交互动对儿童视觉注意力和单词学习的影响。三到 5 岁(法师 = 4;5,SD = 9 个月)的孩子完成了一项任务,他们观看了一位女演员教他们斯瓦希里语标签的视频,以便在屏幕上显示图像。每个孩子在 4 种条件下观看这些视频剪辑,这些条件以参数方式操纵社交参与和互动。然后我们测试了每个孩子是否已经成功地学习了斯瓦希里语标签。尽管 5 岁儿童能够在所有条件下学习单词,但我们发现,存在最能支持所有参与者学习的最佳社交参与水平,定义为让孩子参与但不会分散对单词标签的注意力。我们的眼动追踪数据表明,与互动性最强的条件相比,这种条件下的儿童​​花更多的时间看目标图像而花更少的时间看女演员的脸。这些研究结果表明,社交互动对于吸引注意力和促进从屏幕媒体中学习直到某一点至关重要,之后社交刺激可能会将注意力从目标图像上移开并损害儿童的单词学习。我们发现有一个最佳的社会参与水平,最能支持所有参与者的学习,定义为让孩子参与,但不会分散对单词标签的注意力。我们的眼动追踪数据表明,与互动性最强的条件相比,这种条件下的儿童​​花更多的时间看目标图像而花更少的时间看女演员的脸。这些研究结果表明,社交互动对于吸引注意力和促进从屏幕媒体中学习直到某一时刻至关重要,此后社交刺激可能会将注意力从目标图像上移开并损害儿童的单词学习。我们发现有一个最佳的社会参与水平,最能支持所有参与者的学习,定义为让孩子参与但不分散对单词标签的注意力。我们的眼动追踪数据表明,与互动性最强的条件相比,这种条件下的儿童​​花更多的时间看目标图像而花更少的时间看女演员的脸。这些研究结果表明,社交互动对于吸引注意力和促进从屏幕媒体中学习直到某一时刻至关重要,此后社交刺激可能会将注意力从目标图像上移开并损害儿童的单词学习。我们的眼动追踪数据表明,与互动性最强的条件相比,这种条件下的儿童​​花更多的时间看目标图像而花更少的时间看女演员的脸。这些研究结果表明,社交互动对于吸引注意力和促进从屏幕媒体中学习直到某一时刻至关重要,此后社交刺激可能会将注意力从目标图像上移开并损害儿童的单词学习。我们的眼动追踪数据表明,与互动性最强的条件相比,这种条件下的儿童​​花更多的时间看目标图像而花更少的时间看女演员的脸。这些研究结果表明,社交互动对于吸引注意力和促进从屏幕媒体中学习直到某一时刻至关重要,此后社交刺激可能会将注意力从目标图像上移开并损害儿童的单词学习。
更新日期:2015-04-16
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