This review places modern research developments in vascular mechanobiology in the context of hemodynamic phenomena in the cardiovascular system and the discrete localization of vascular disease. The modern origins of this field are traced, beginning in the 1960s when associations between flow characteristics, particularly blood flow-induced wall shear stress, and the localization of atherosclerotic plaques were uncovered, and continuing to fluid shear stress effects on the vascular lining endothelial) cells (ECs), including their effects on EC morphology, biochemical production, and gene expression. The earliest single-gene studies and genome-wide analyses are considered. The final section moves from the ECs lining the vessel wall to the smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts within the wall that are fluid me chanically activated by interstitial flow that imposes shear stresses on their surfaces comparable with those of flowing blood on EC surfaces. Interstitial flow stimulates biochemical production and gene expression, much like blood flow on ECs.

中文翻译：

---

流体力学、动脉疾病和基因表达

本综述将血管力学生物学的现代研究进展置于心血管系统中的血流动力学现象和血管疾病的离散定位的背景下。该领域的现代起源可追溯，始于 1960 年代，当时发现了血流特征（尤其是血流引起的壁切应力）与动脉粥样硬化斑块的定位之间的关联，并且流体切应力对血管内皮内皮的影响仍在继续）细胞 (EC)，包括它们对 EC 形态、生化产生和基因表达的影响。最早的单基因研究和全基因组分析被考虑在内。最后一部分从血管壁内衬的 EC 移动到壁内的平滑肌细胞和成纤维细胞，这些细胞被间隙流动机械激活，间质流动在其表面施加剪切应力，与 EC 表面上流动的血液相当。间质流动刺激生化产生和基因表达，就像 EC 上的血流一样。