Current techniques to improve bone regeneration following trauma or tumour resection involve the use of autograft bone or its substitutes supplemented with osteoinductive growth factors and/or osteogenic cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Although MSCs are most commonly grown in media containing fetal calf serum, human platelet lysate (PL) offers an effective alternative. Bone marrow - derived MSCs grown in PL-containing media display faster proliferation whilst maintaining good osteogenic differentiation capacity. Limited pre-clinical investigations using PL-expanded MSCs seeded onto osteoconductive scaffolds indicate good potential of such constructs to repair bone in vivo. In an alternative approach, nude PL-coated scaffolds without seeded MSCs have been proposed as novel regenerative medicine devices. Even though methods to coat scaffolds with PL vary, in vitro studies suggest that PL allows for MSC adhesion, migration and differentiation inside these scaffolds. Increased new bone formation and vascularisation in comparison to uncoated scaffolds have also been observed in vivo. This review outlines the state-of-the-art research in the field of PL for ex vivo MSC expansion and in vivo bone regeneration. To minimise inconsistency between the studies, further work is required towards standardisation of PL preparation in terms of the starting material, platelet concentration, leukocyte depletion, and the method of platelet lysis. PL quality control procedures and its "potency" assessment are urgently needed, which could include measurements of key growth and attachment factors important for MSC maintenance and differentiation. Furthermore, different PL formulations could be tailor-made for specific bone repair indications. Such measures would undoubtedly speed up clinical translation of PL-based treatments for bone regeneration.

中文翻译：

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使用血小板裂解物进行骨再生——我们准备好进行临床转化了吗？


目前改善创伤或肿瘤切除后骨再生的技术涉及使用自体移植骨或其替代物，辅以骨诱导生长因子和/或成骨细胞，例如间充质干细胞（MSC）。尽管 MSC 最常在含有胎牛血清的培养基中生长，但人血小板裂解物 (PL) 提供了一种有效的替代方案。在含有 PL 的培养基中生长的骨髓来源的 MSC 表现出更快的增殖，同时保持良好的成骨分化能力。使用 PL 扩增的 MSC 接种到骨传导支架上进行的有限临床前研究表明，此类结构在体内修复骨方面具有良好的潜力。在另一种方法中，没有接种 MSC 的裸 PL 涂层支架已被提议作为新型再生医学装置。尽管用 PL 涂覆支架的方法各不相同，但体外研究表明 PL 允许 MSC 在这些支架内粘附、迁移和分化。与未涂覆的支架相比，在体内也观察到新骨形成和血管形成增加。这篇综述概述了体外 MSC 扩增和体内骨再生 PL 领域的最新研究。为了尽量减少研究之间的不一致，需要进一步开展工作，以在起始材料、血小板浓度、白细胞去除和血小板裂解方法方面实现 PL 制备的标准化。迫切需要 PL 质量控制程序及其“效力”评估，其中可能包括对 MSC 维持和分化重要的关键生长和附着因子的测量。此外，可以针对特定的骨修复适应症定制不同的 PL 配方。 这些措施无疑将加速基于 PL 的骨再生疗法的临床转化。