Parvoviruses infect a wide variety of hosts, and their ancestors appear to have emerged tens to hundreds of millions of years ago and to have spread widely ever since. The diversity of parvoviruses is therefore extensive, and although they all appear to descend from a common ancestor and share common structures in their capsid and nonstructural proteins, there is often low homology at the DNA or protein level. The diversity of these viruses is also seen in the widely differing impacts they have on their hosts, which range from severe and even lethal disease to subclinical or nonpathogenic infections. In the past few years, deep sequencing of DNA samples from animals has shown just how widespread the parvoviruses are in nature, but most of the newly discovered viruses have not yet been associated with any disease. However, variants of some parvoviruses have altered their host ranges to create new epidemic or pandemic viruses. Here, we examine the properties of parvoviruses and their interactions with their hosts that are associated with these disparate pathogenic outcomes.

中文翻译：

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细小病毒家族难题：杀手是什么？

细小病毒可感染多种宿主，其祖先似乎已经出现在数亿到数亿年前，并且自那时以来就已广泛传播。因此，细小病毒的多样性非常广泛，尽管它们似乎都起源于同一祖先，并且在其衣壳和非结构蛋白中具有相同的结构，但在DNA或蛋白质水平上通常同源性较低。这些病毒的多样性还体现在它们对宿主的不同影响上，从严重甚至致命的疾病到亚临床或非致病性感染。在过去的几年中，对动物DNA样本进行的深度测序表明细小病毒在自然界中的分布广泛，但是大多数新发现的病毒尚未与任何疾病相关。然而，一些细小病毒的变异体已经改变了它们的宿主范围，从而产生了新的流行或大流行病毒。在这里，我们检查了细小病毒的特性及其与宿主的相互作用，这些宿主与这些不同的致病结果相关。