Three-dimensional (3D) imaging technologies are beginning to have significant impact in the field of virology, as they are helping us understand how viruses take control of cells. In this article we review several methodologies for 3D imaging of cells and show how these technologies are contributing to the study of viral infections and the characterization of specialized structures formed in virus-infected cells. We include 3D reconstruction by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using serial sections, electron tomography, and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). We summarize from these methods selected contributions to our understanding of viral entry, replication, morphogenesis, egress and propagation, and changes in the spatial architecture of virus-infected cells. In combination with live-cell imaging, correlative microscopy, and new techniques for molecular mapping in situ, the availability of these methods for 3D imaging is expected to provide deeper insights into understanding the structural and dynamic aspects of viral infection.

中文翻译：

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病毒感染的三维成像。

三维（3D）成像技术已开始在病毒学领域产生重要影响，因为它们正在帮助我们了解病毒如何控制细胞。在本文中，我们回顾了细胞3D成像的几种方法，并展示了这些技术如何促进病毒感染的研究以及在病毒感染的细胞中形成的特殊结构的表征。我们包括通过使用连续切片的透射电子显微镜（TEM），电子断层扫描和聚焦离子束扫描电子显微镜（FIB-SEM）进行的3D重建。我们从这些方法中总结出一些有助于我们理解病毒进入，复制，形态发生，外出和繁殖以及病毒感染细胞的空间结构变化的知识。结合活细胞成像，