Viruses face a multitude of challenges when they infect a host cell. Cells have evolved innate defenses to protect against pathogens, and an infecting virus may induce a stress response that antagonizes viral replication. Further, the metabolic, oxidative, and cell cycle state may not be conducive to the viral infection. But viruses are fabulous manipulators, inducing host cells to use their own characteristic mechanisms and pathways to provide what the virus needs. This article centers on the manipulation of host cell metabolism by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). We review the features of the metabolic program instituted by the virus, discuss the mechanisms underlying these dramatic metabolic changes, and consider how the altered program creates a synthetic milieu that favors efficient HCMV replication and spread.

中文翻译：

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人类巨细胞病毒：协调细胞应激，信号传导和代谢途径。

病毒感染宿主细胞时面临许多挑战。细胞已经进化出先天的防御能力来防御病原体，并且感染的病毒可能会诱导对抗病毒复制的应激反应。此外，代谢，氧化和细胞周期状态可能不利于病毒感染。但是病毒是神话般的操纵者，诱使宿主细胞使用其自身的特征机制和途径来提供病毒所需的信息。本文的重点是通过人类巨细胞病毒（HCMV）操纵宿主细胞的代谢。我们回顾了由病毒建立的代谢程序的功能，讨论了这些急剧的代谢变化的机制，并考虑了改变后的程序如何创建有利于高效HCMV复制和传播的合成环境。