Cancer models strive to recapitulate the incredible diversity inherent in human tumors. A key challenge in accurate tumor modeling lies in capturing the panoply of homo- and heterotypic cellular interactions within the context of a three-dimensional tissue microenvironment. To address this challenge, researchers have developed organotypic cancer models (organoids) that combine the 3D architecture of in vivo tissues with the experimental facility of 2D cell lines. Here we address the benefits and drawbacks of these systems, as well as their most recent advances. In particular, we focus on the application of such models to the discovery of novel cancer drivers, the study of tumor biology, and the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer.

中文翻译：

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类器官作为肿瘤转化模型。

癌症模型努力重现人类肿瘤固有的令人难以置信的多样性。准确肿瘤建模的一个关键挑战在于在三维组织微环境的背景下捕获同型和异型细胞相互作用的全部。为了应对这一挑战，研究人员开发了器官型癌症模型（类器官），该模型将体内组织的 3D 结构与 2D 细胞系的实验设施相结合。在这里，我们将讨论这些系统的优点和缺点，以及它们的最新进展。特别是，我们专注于将此类模型应用于发现新型癌症驱动因素、肿瘤生物学研究以及开发治疗癌症的新型治疗方法。