Fungi other than the lichen mycobiont frequently co-occur within lichen thalli and on the same rock in harsh environments. In these situations dark-pigmented mycelial structures are commonly observed on lichen thalli, where they persist under the same stressful conditions as their hosts. Here we used a comprehensive sampling of lichen-associated fungi from an alpine habitat to assess their phylogenetic relationships with fungi previously known from other niches. The multilocus phylogenetic analyses suggest that most of the 248 isolates belong to the Chaetothyriomycetes and Dothideomycetes, while a minor fraction represents Sordariomycetes and Leotiomycetes. As many lichens also were infected by phenotypically distinct lichenicolous fungi of diverse lineages, it remains difficult to assess whether the culture isolates represent these fungi or are from additional cryptic, extremotolerant fungi within the thalli. Some of these strains represent yet undescribed lineages within Chaethothyriomycetes and Dothideomycetes, whereas other strains belong to genera of fungi, that are known as lichen colonizers, plant and human pathogens, rock-inhabiting fungi, parasites and saprotrophs. The symbiotic structures of the lichen thalli appear to be a shared habitat of phylogenetically diverse stress-tolerant fungi, which potentially benefit from the lichen niche in otherwise hostile habitats.

中文翻译：

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高山岩地衣的极耐真菌及其系统发生关系。

除地衣真菌外的真菌常在恶劣环境中同时存在于地衣藻内和同一块岩石上。在这些情况下，通常在地衣藻上观察到深色色素菌丝体结构，它们在与寄主相同的压力条件下持续存在。在这里，我们使用了来自高山栖息地的地衣相关真菌的全面采样，以评估它们与先前从其他生态位已知的真菌的系统发育关系。多基因座系统发育分析表明，248个分离物中的大多数属于Chaetothyriomycetes和Dothideomycetes，而一小部分代表Sordariomycetes和Leotiomycetes。由于许多地衣还受到表型不同的不同谱系的地衣真菌的感染，仍然难以评估培养物分离物是代表这些真菌还是来自沙眼内其他隐蔽的，耐极端微生物的真菌。这些菌株中的某些代表了拟南芥属和拟杆菌属中尚未描述的谱系，而其他菌株属于真菌属，被称为地衣定殖剂，植物和人类病原体，居住岩石的真菌，寄生虫和腐生菌。地衣藻的共生结构似乎是系统发育上多样化的耐压力真菌的共同生境，这些生境可能会从原本不利的生境中受益于地衣生态位。被称为地衣定居者，植物和人类病原体，居住岩石的真菌，寄生虫和腐生菌。地衣藻的共生结构似乎是系统发育上多样化的耐压力真菌的共同生境，这些生境可能会从原本不利的生境中受益于地衣生态位。被称为地衣定居者，植物和人类病原体，居住岩石的真菌，寄生虫和腐生菌。地衣藻的共生结构似乎是系统发育上多样化的耐压力真菌的共同生境，这些生境可能会从原本不利的生境中受益于地衣生态位。