A laboratory study was conducted to determine the mass of total Cr, Cr(VI), Mn, and Ni in 15 size fractions for mild and stainless steel gas-metal arc welding (GMAW) fumes. Samples were collected using a nano multi orifice uniform deposition impactor (MOUDI) with polyvinyl chloride filters on each stage. The filters were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ion chromatography. Limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) were experimentally calculated and percent recoveries were measured from spiked metals in solution and dry, certified welding-fume reference material. The fraction of Cr(VI) in total Cr was estimated by calculating the ratio of Cr(VI) to total Cr mass for each particle size range. Expected, regional deposition of each metal was estimated according to respiratory-deposition models. The weight percent (standard deviation) of Mn in mild steel fumes was 9.2% (6.8%). For stainless steel fumes, the weight percentages were 8.4% (5.4%) for total Cr, 12.2% (6.5%) for Mn, 2.1% (1.5%) for Ni and 0.5% (0.4%) for Cr(VI). All metals presented a fraction between 0.04 and 0.6 μm. Total Cr and Ni presented an additional fraction <0.03 μm. On average 6% of the Cr was found in the Cr(VI) valence state. There was no statistical difference between the smallest and largest mean Cr(VI) to total Cr mass ratio (p-value = 0.19), hence our analysis does not show that particle size affects the contribution of Cr(VI) to total Cr. The predicted total respiratory deposition for the metal particles was ∼25%. The sites of principal deposition were the head airways (7–10%) and the alveolar region (11–14%). Estimated Cr(VI) deposition was highest in the alveolar region (14%).

中文翻译：

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气体金属电弧焊烟气溶胶中总铬、六价铬、锰和镍的粒径分布和估计呼吸沉​​积

进行了一项实验室研究，以确定低碳和不锈钢气体保护金属电弧焊 (GMAW) 烟雾中 15 种尺寸的总 Cr、Cr(VI)、Mn 和 Ni 的质量。使用在每个阶段带有聚氯乙烯过滤器的纳米多孔均匀沉积撞击器 (MOUDI) 收集样品。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法 (ICP-MS) 和离子色谱法分析过滤器。通过实验计算检测限 (LOD) 和定量 (LOQ)，并测量溶液中加标金属和干燥、经认证的焊接烟尘参考材料的回收率。通过计算每个粒径范围的 Cr(VI) 与总 Cr 质量的比率来估计 Cr(VI) 在总 Cr 中的分数。根据呼吸沉积模型估计每种金属的预期区域沉积。低碳钢烟气中锰的重量百分比（标准偏差）为 9.2%（6.8%）。对于不锈钢烟气，总 Cr 的重量百分比为 8.4% (5.4%)，Mn 为 12.2% (6.5%)，Ni 为 2.1% (1.5%)，Cr(VI) 为 0.5% (0.4%)。所有金属的含量都在 0.04 到 0.6 μm 之间。总 Cr 和 Ni 呈现额外的分数 <0.03 μm。平均 6% 的 Cr 以 Cr(VI) 价态存在。最小和最大平均 Cr(VI) 与总 Cr 质量比（p 值 = 0.19）之间没有统计差异，因此我们的分析并未表明粒径影响 Cr(VI) 对总 Cr 的贡献。金属颗粒的预测总呼吸沉积量约为 25%。主要沉积部位是头部气道（7-10%）和肺泡区（11-14%）。