The primary aim of this study was to estimate genetic diversity among Secale cereale L. accessions using 22 previously published simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The plant material included 367 rye accessions comprising historical and contemporary cultivars, cultivated materials, landraces, and breeding strains from the Polish breeding company Danko. The studied accessions represented a wide geographical diversity. Several methods were employed to analyze genetic diversity among the Secale cereale L. accessions and to determine population structure: principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), neighbor-joining (NJ), and Bayesian clustering. We also defined a core collection of 25 rye accessions representing over 93 % of SSR alleles. The results of these analyses showed that accessions from the rye gene bank are clearly divergent in comparison with materials received directly from European breeding companies. Our findings suggest also that the genetic pool of current rye cultivars is becoming narrower during breeding processes. The selected panel of SSR markers performed well in detection of genetic diversity patterns and can be recommended for future germplasm characterization studies in rye.

中文翻译：

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基于SSR标记的黑麦遗传多样性评估


本研究的主要目的是使用 22 个先前发表的简单序列重复 (SSR) 标记来估计黑麦种质的遗传多样性。植物材料包括 367 个黑麦品种，包括历史和当代品种、栽培材料、地方品种和来自波兰育种公司 Danko 的育种品系。研究的种质代表了广泛的地理多样性。采用多种方法来分析黑麦种质之间的遗传多样性并确定群体结构：主坐标分析（PCoA）、邻接分析（NJ）和贝叶斯聚类。我们还定义了 25 个黑麦种质的核心集合，代表了超过 93% 的 SSR 等位基因。这些分析的结果表明，与直接从欧洲育种公司收到的材料相比，来自黑麦基因库的材料明显不同。我们的研究结果还表明，当前黑麦品种的遗传库在育种过程中变得越来越窄。所选的 SSR 标记组在遗传多样性模式检测中表现良好，可推荐用于未来黑麦种质表征研究。