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Current status of substance abuse and HIV infection in Japan
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2013-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2013.09.030
Kiyoshi Wada 1 , Masahiko Funada 1 , Takuya Shimane 1
Affiliation  

Japan has experienced an epidemic of methamphetamine (MAP) abuse three times: The first epidemic was from 1951 to 1957, the second epidemic was from 1970 to 1994, and the third epidemic started in 1995 and continues today. Fortunately, HIV infection is not as serious a problem in Japan as it is in other countries. The major route of HIV infection in Japan has been through male homosexual transmission. In cumulative number, homosexual transmission accounted for 63% of the 11,146 HIV-positive patients and 40% of 5,158 AIDS patients as of December 30, 2011. Intravenous drug use accounted for 0.3% and 0.4% of these cases, respectively. Drug abuse has changed during the past 20 years in Japan. The changes are summarized as follows: There has been (1) a remarkable decrease in solvent abuse, (2) a stabilization of MAP abuse, (3) a penetration of cannabis abuse, (4) an emergence of evasive drug abuse, and (5) a silent increase in medical drug dependence. This implies that (1) there has been a change from a "solvent dominant type" of use to a "cannabis dominant type," that is, from a "Japanese type" to a "Western type," (2) a shift to drugs which do not have a high potential to cause drug-induced psychosis, and (3) a shift from conduct that leads to arrest to conduct that does not lead to arrest. Regardless of whether the drug use is illicit or not, drug dependence is a mental disorder. Japan is urged to deal with drug abuse and dependence using not only the criminal model but also the medical model.

中文翻译:

日本药物滥用和艾滋病毒感染现状

日本经历了三次甲基苯丙胺(MAP)滥用流行:第一次流行是从1951年到1957年,第二次流行是从1970年到1994年,第三次流行是从1995年开始并持续到今天。幸运的是,艾滋病毒感染在日本不像在其他国家那样严重。日本艾滋病毒感染的主要途径是男性同性恋传播。截至2011年12月30日,在累计11,146名艾滋病毒阳性患者中,同性恋传播占63%,在5,158名艾滋病患者中占40%。静脉吸毒分别占这些病例的0.3%和0.4%。在过去的 20 年中,日本的药物滥用发生了变化。这些变化总结如下: (1) 溶剂滥用显着减少,(2) MAP 滥用稳定,(3)大麻滥用的渗透,(4)逃避药物滥用的出现,以及(5)医疗药物依赖的无声增加。这意味着(1)已经从“溶剂主导型”使用转变为“大麻主导型”,即从“日本型”到“西型”,(2)转向不太可能导致药物诱发的精神病的药物,以及 (3) 从导致逮捕的行为转变为不会导致逮捕的行为。无论吸毒是否非法,药物依赖都是一种精神障碍。敦促日本不仅使用犯罪模型而且使用医学模型来处理药物滥用和依赖问题。这意味着(1)已经从“溶剂主导型”使用转变为“大麻主导型”,即从“日本型”到“西型”,(2)转向不太可能导致药物诱发的精神病的药物,以及 (3) 从导致逮捕的行为转变为不会导致逮捕的行为。无论吸毒是否非法,药物依赖都是一种精神障碍。敦促日本不仅使用犯罪模型而且使用医学模型来处理药物滥用和依赖问题。这意味着(1)已经从“溶剂主导型”使用转变为“大麻主导型”,即从“日本型”到“西型”,(2)转向不太可能导致药物诱发的精神病的药物,以及 (3) 从导致逮捕的行为转变为不会导致逮捕的行为。无论吸毒是否非法,药物依赖都是一种精神障碍。敦促日本不仅使用犯罪模型而且使用医学模型来处理药物滥用和依赖问题。(3) 从导致逮捕的行为转变为不导致逮捕的行为。无论吸毒是否非法,药物依赖都是一种精神障碍。敦促日本不仅使用犯罪模型而且使用医学模型来处理药物滥用和依赖问题。(3) 从导致逮捕的行为转变为不导致逮捕的行为。无论吸毒是否非法,药物依赖都是一种精神障碍。敦促日本不仅使用犯罪模型而且使用医学模型来处理药物滥用和依赖问题。
更新日期:2013-12-01
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