Living organisms require a constant supply of safe and efficient energy to maintain homeostasis and to allow locomotion of single cells, tissues and the entire organism. The source of energy can be glycolysis, a simple series of enzymatic reactions in the cytosol, or a much more complex process in the mitochondria, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In this review we will examine how does the organism balance its source of energy in two seemingly distinct and unrelated processes: hematopoiesis and exercise. In both processes we will show the importance of the metabolic program and its regulation. We will also discuss the importance of oxygen availability not as a sole determinant, but in the context of the nutrient and cellular state, and address the emerging role of lactate as an energy source and signaling molecule in health and disease.

中文翻译：

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平衡糖酵解和线粒体 OXPHOS：造血系统和锻炼肌肉的经验教训

生物体需要持续供应安全有效的能量来维持体内平衡并允许单个细胞、组织和整个生物体运动。能量来源可以是糖酵解，即细胞溶质中一系列简单的酶促反应，也可以是线粒体中更为复杂的过程，即氧化磷酸化 (OXPHOS)。在这篇综述中，我们将研究生物体如何在两个看似截然不同且不相关的过程中平衡其能量来源：造血和运动。在这两个过程中，我们将展示代谢程序及其调节的重要性。我们还将讨论氧气可用性的重要性，而不是作为唯一决定因素，而是在营养和细胞状态的背景下，并讨论乳酸作为能量来源和信号分子在健康和疾病中的新兴作用。