Sleep disorders in children can compromise quality of life of both children and families and chronic sleep deprivations is associated with poorer developmental outcome, overweight and behavioral disturbances. Clinicians should incorporate questions about sleep into their routine health assessment, and the assessment of insomnia should follow a medical approach primary and secondary contributing factors should be assessed, as well as maladaptive behaviors related to sleep. A careful examination of sleep/wake schedule, abnormal movements or behavior during sleep, and daytime consequences of sleep disruption or deprivation is mandatory. Sleeping environment, and bedtime routines should be examined to identify behavioral issues related to sleep. Polysomnography is not routinely indicated for children with insomnia, but actigraphy can give an objective estimation of sleep parameters. The Authors propose a new classification of pediatric insomnia, based on both genetic and clinical aspects, and suggest specific treatment options, including sleep hygiene, behavioral strategies and pharmacological treatment.

中文翻译：

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小儿失眠：临床评估和治疗选择的新见解。

儿童的睡眠障碍会损害儿童和家庭的生活质量，而长期睡眠不足会导致较差的发育结果，超重和行为障碍。临床医生应将有关睡眠的问题纳入其常规健康评估中，对失眠的评估应遵循医学方法，应评估主要和次要影响因素以及与睡眠有关的不良适应行为。必须仔细检查睡眠/唤醒时间表，睡眠过程中的异常动作或行为以及白天睡眠中断或剥夺的后果。应该检查睡眠环境和就寝时间例程，以识别与睡眠有关的行为问题。失眠儿童通常不宜进行多导睡眠监测，但书法可以客观地估计睡眠参数。作者提出了一种基于遗传和临床方面的小儿失眠的新分类，并提出了具体的治疗选择，包括睡眠卫生，行为策略和药物治疗。