The aim of the present meta-analysis was to investigate the associations between three types of peer norms-descriptive norms (peer sexual behaviors), injunctive norms (peer sexual attitudes), and peer pressure to have sex-and two adolescent sexual behavior outcomes (sexual activity and sexual risk behavior). Adolescent sexual activity was more strongly associated with descriptive norms (ESrfixed=.40) than with injunctive norms (ESrfixed=.22) or peer pressure (ESrfixed=.10). Compared with the sexual activity outcome, the effect size for descriptive norms (peer sexual risk behavior) for sexual risk behavior was smaller (ESrfixed=.11). Age, gender, peer type, and socio-cultural context significantly moderated these associations. Additional analyses of longitudinal studies suggested that selection effects were stronger than socialization effects. These findings offer empirical support for the conceptual distinction between three types of peer norms and hold important implications for theory, research, and intervention strategies.

中文翻译：

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三种同伴规范与青少年性行为之间关系的元分析。

本荟萃分析的目的是调查三种类型的同伴规范——描述性规范（同伴性行为）、禁令性规范（同伴性态度）和同伴发生性行为的压力——以及两种青少年性行为结果之间的关联。性活动和性风险行为）。与禁令性规范 (ESrfixed=.22) 或同伴压力 (ESrfixed=.10) 相比，青少年性活动与描述性规范 (ESrfixed=.40) 的相关性更强。与性活动结果相比，性风险行为的描述性规范（同伴性风险行为）的影响大小较小（ESrfixed=.11）。年龄、性别、同龄人类型和社会文化背景显着调节了这些关联。纵向研究的其他分析表明，选择效应强于社会化效应。