Methamphetamine (MA) is a drug that is widely used in many parts of the world. It has multiple neurobiological impacts on the nervous system, some of which are transitory and some more long lasting. MA activates the reward system of the brain and produces effects that are highly reinforcing, which can lead to abuse and dependence. Routes of administration that produce rapid onset of the drug's effects (i.e., smoking and injection) are likely to lead to more rapid addiction and more medical and psychiatric effects. The medical effects of MA use are extensive, and chronic use of MA can produce significant neurological damage as well as damage to cardiovascular, pulmonary, and other organ systems. Both acute and chronic MA use can lead to extreme paranoia, anxiety, and depression, and following discontinuation of MA use, cognitive deficits and anhedonia can persist for months. No effective pharmacotherapies have been developed for the treatment of MA dependence, although this is an area of very active research. Several behavioral treatments have been shown to reduce MA use, but better treatments are needed. The research agenda for MA is substantial, with development of effective pharmacotherapies as one of the most important priorities.

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目前关于甲基苯丙胺使用的流行病学、医学和精神影响以及治疗的研究

甲基苯丙胺 (MA) 是一种在世界许多地方广泛使用的药物。它对神经系统有多种神经生物学影响，其中一些是短暂的，一些则更持久。MA 激活大脑的奖励系统并产生高度强化的效果，这可能导致滥用和依赖。产生药物作用迅速起效的给药途径（即吸烟和注射）可能导致更快的成瘾和更多的医学和精神影响。MA 的医疗作用是广泛的，长期使用 MA 会产生显着的神经损伤以及心血管、肺和其他器官系统的损伤。急性和慢性使用 MA 都会导致极度偏执、焦虑和抑郁，停止使用 MA 后，认知缺陷和快感缺乏会持续数月。尽管这是一个非常活跃的研究领域，但尚未开发出治疗 MA 依赖的有效药物疗法。几种行为治疗已被证明可以减少 MA 的使用，但需要更好的治疗方法。MA 的研究议程很重要，开发有效的药物疗法是最重要的优先事项之一。