OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to examine the associations between pre- and postnatal maternal distress and preschooler's symptoms of ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Conduct Disorder (CD), and anxiety, by timing and gender. METHOD Children, aged 3.5 years (N = 1,195), recruited from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, were assessed with a semistructured parental psychiatric interview. Perinatal maternal symptoms of distress were assessed by Symptom Checklist (SCL-5); Poisson regression was used to examine the associations. RESULTS Mid-gestational maternal distress significantly increased the average number of child symptoms, ranging between 3.8% for ADHD hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI) and 8.7% for anxiety. The combination of high maternal scores of distress both pre- and postnatally were associated with increased risk of child symptoms of anxiety (relative risk [RR] = 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.43, 3.07]), CD (RR = 1.83; 95% CI = [1.33, 2.51]), and ODD (RR = 1.30; 95% CI = [1.03, 1.64]), with minor sex differences. CONCLUSION Maternal distress during mid-gestation was associated with ADHD, behavioral, and emotional symptoms in preschool children. Continued exposure into the postnatal period may further increase these risk associations .

中文翻译：

---

产前和产后母体症状与多动症，对立挑衅障碍，行为障碍和焦虑的学龄前儿童症状之间的关联。

目的本文的目的是通过时间和性别检查产前和产后产妇窘迫与学龄前儿童多动症，对立违抗性疾病（ODD），品行障碍（CD）和焦虑症之间的关系。方法对来自挪威母婴队列研究的3.5岁儿童（N = 1,195）进行了半结构的父母精神病学访谈，以评估他们的病情。通过症状检查表（SCL-5）评估围产期产妇的困扰症状。使用泊松回归来检查关联。结果孕中期孕产妇困扰显着增加了儿童症状的平均数量，介于ADHD多动冲动（ADHD-HI）的3.8％和焦虑症的8.7％之间。产前和产后产妇高危分数与儿童焦虑症状的风险增加相关（相对风险[RR] = 2.10； 95％置信区间[CI] = [1.43，3.07]），CD（RR = 1.83； 95％CI = [1.33，2.51]）和ODD（RR = 1.30； 95％CI = [1.03，1.64]），性别差异较小。结论妊娠中期母亲的窘迫与学龄前儿童的ADHD，行为和情绪症状有关。产后持续暴露可能会进一步增加这些风险关联。学龄前儿童的行为和情感症状。产后持续暴露可能会进一步增加这些风险关联。学龄前儿童的行为和情感症状。产后持续暴露可能会进一步增加这些风险关联。