Highlights • A finite element displacement formulation stemming from the Perturbed Lagrangian.• The efficiency is enhanced with a Shamanskii–Newton–Raphson scheme.• Comparison with Perturbed Lagrangian, Lagrange Multiplier and penalty methods.• Presence of locking in the penalty method, for whole-cycle cardiac mechanics.• The presented form combines good convergence behavior with a simplified structure.

中文翻译：

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不可压缩和近不可压缩心脏力学的基于位移的有限元公式


亮点 • 源于扰动拉格朗日的有限元位移公式。• 通过 Shamanskii-Newton-Raphson 方案提高了效率。• 与扰动拉格朗日、拉格朗日乘数和惩罚方法的比较。• 惩罚方法中存在锁定，对于整体-循环心脏力学。•所提出的形式结合了良好的收敛行为和简化的结构。