SUMMARYFindings from multi-year, multi-site field trial experiments measuring maize yield response to inoculation with the phosphorus-solubilizing fungus,Penicillium bilaiaeChalabuda are presented. The main objective was to evaluate representative data on crop response to the inoculant across a broad set of different soil, agronomic management and climate conditions. A statistical analysis of crop yield response and its variability was conducted to guide further implementation of a stratified trial and sampling plan. Field trials, analysed in the present study, were conducted across the major maize producing agricultural cropland of the United States (2005–11) comprising 92 small (with sampling replication) and 369 large (without replication) trials. The multi-plot design enabled both a determination of how sampling area affects the estimation of maize yield and yield variance and an estimation of the ability of inoculation withP. bilaiaeto increase maize yield. Inoculation increased maize yield in 66 of the 92 small and 295 of the 369 large field trials (within the small plots, yield increased significantly at the 95% confidence level, by 0·17 ± 0·044 t/ha or 1·8%, while in the larger plots, yield increases were higher and less variable (i.e., 0·33 ± 0·026 t/ha or 3·5%). There was considerable inter-annual variability in maize yield response attributed to inoculation compared to the un-inoculated control, with yield increases varying from 0·7 ± 0·75 up to 3·7 ± 0·73%. No significant correlation between yield response and soil acidity (i.e., pH) was detected, and it appears that pH reduction (through organic acid or proton efflux) was unlikely to be the primary pathway for better phosphorus availability measured as increased yield. Seed treatment and granular or dribble band formulations of the inoculant were found to be equally effective. Inoculation was most effective at increasing maize yield in fields that had low or very low soil phosphorus status for both small and large plots. At higher levels of soil phosphorus, yield in the large plots increased more with inoculation than in the small plots, which could be explained by phosphorus fertilization histories for the different field locations, as well as transient (e.g., rainfall) and topographic effects.

中文翻译：

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田间试验中玉米产量对解磷微生物接种剂的反应


摘要多年、多地点田间试验的结果测量了玉米产量对接种解磷真菌的反应，拜莱青霉提出了Chalabuda。主要目标是评估作物在不同土壤、农艺管理和气候条件下对接种剂反应的代表性数据。对作物产量反应及其变异性进行统计分析，以指导分层试验和抽样计划的进一步实施。本研究分析的田间试验是在美国主要玉米生产农田中进行的（2005-11 年），其中包括 92 项小型试验（有抽样重复）和 369 项大型试验（无重复）。多小区设计既可以确定采样面积如何影响玉米产量和产量方差的估计，也可以估计接种能力比莱假单胞菌以提高玉米产量。 92 个小型田间试验中的 66 个和 369 个大型田间试验中的 295 个通过接种提高了玉米产量（在小田地内，产量在 95% 置信水平下显着增加，增加了 0·17 ± 0·044 吨/公顷或 1·8%） ，而在较大的地块中，产量增加较高且变化较小（即 0·33 ± 0·026 吨/公顷或 3·5%） 与接种相比，接种引起的玉米产量响应存在相当大的年际变化。未接种对照，产量增加从 0·7 ± 0·75 到 3·7 ± 0·73% 没有检测到产量响应和土壤酸度（即 pH）之间存在显着相关性。 pH值降低（通过有机酸或质子流出）不太可能是提高磷利用率（以增加产量衡量）的主要途径。 发现接种剂的种子处理和粒状或滴带式配方同样有效。对于小地块和大地块土壤磷含量低或极低的田地来说，接种对于提高玉米产量最为有效。在土壤磷含量较高的情况下，接种后大块土地的产量比小块土地的产量增加更多，这可以通过不同田地位置的磷施肥历史以及瞬时（例如降雨）和地形影响来解释。