Here, we evaluate the extent of sorption of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with different primary sizes (30 and 70 nm) and surface properties (branched polyethylene imine, "bPEI" and citrate coating) to laboratory plastic during (eco)toxicological testing. Under conditions of algal growth inhibition assay, up to 97% of the added AgNPs were sorbed onto the test vessels whereas under conditions of in vitro toxicological assay with mammalian cells, the maximum loss of AgNPs was 15%. We propose that the high concentration of proteins and biomolecules in the in vitro toxicological assay originating from serum-containing cell culture medium prevented NP sorption due to steric stabilisation. The sorption of AgNPs to test vessels was clearly concentration dependent. In the conditions of algal growth inhibition assay at 10 ng AgNPs/mL, up to 97% of AgNPs were lost from the test while at higher concentrations (1000 ng AgNPs/mL), the loss of AgNPs was remarkably smaller, up to 64%. Sorption of positively charged bPEI-coated AgNPs was more extensive than the sorption of negatively charged citrate-coated AgNPs and, when calculated on a mass basis, more 70 nm-sized Ag than 30 nm Ag sorbed to plastic surfaces. In summary, this study demonstrates that the loss of AgNPs during (eco)toxicological tests due to sorption on test vessel surfaces is significant, especially in diluted media (e.g. in algal growth medium) and at low NP concentrations. Thus, to ensure the accurate interpretation of (eco)toxicological results, the loss of AgNPs due to adsorption to test vessels should not be overlooked and considered for each specific case.

中文翻译：

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在（生态）毒理学测试中，将银纳米颗粒吸附到实验室塑料上。

在这里，我们评估在（生态）毒理学测试期间，具有不同主要尺寸（30和70 nm）和表面特性（支化聚乙烯亚胺，“ bPEI”和柠檬酸盐涂层）的银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）吸附到实验室塑料的程度。在藻类生长抑制试验的条件下，多达97％的添加的AgNPs被吸附到测试容器上，而在用哺乳动物细胞进行体外毒理学试验的条件下，AgNPs的最大损失为15％。我们建议在高浓度的蛋白质和生物分子的体外毒理学检测中源自含血清的细胞培养基，可防止由于空间稳定而导致的NP吸附。AgNPs吸附到测试容器上显然是浓度依赖性的。在10 ng AgNPs / mL的藻类生长抑制试验条件下，测试中多达97％的AgNP丢失，而在更高的浓度（1000 ng AgNPs / mL）下，AgNP的丢失显着较小，高达64％。带正电荷的bPEI包覆的AgNP的吸附作用比带负电荷的柠檬酸盐包覆的AgNP的吸附作用更广泛，并且按质量计算，吸附在塑料表面的Ag大于30 nm，比70 nm的Ag多。总而言之，这项研究表明，在（生态）毒理学测试中，由于吸附在测试容器表面而导致的AgNP的损失是显着的，尤其是在稀释培养基（例如藻类生长培养基）和低NP浓度下。因此，为了确保对（生态）毒理学结果的准确解释，对于每种具体情况，都不应忽略和考虑由于吸附到测试容器而导致的AgNP的损失。