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Mechanisms of Action and Persistent Neuroplasticity by Drugs of Abuse.
Pharmacological Reviews ( IF 21.1 ) Pub Date : 2015-10-01 , DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.010967
Esa R Korpi 1 , Bjørnar den Hollander 2 , Usman Farooq 2 , Elena Vashchinkina 2 , Ramamoorthy Rajkumar 2 , David J Nutt 2 , Petri Hyytiä 2 , Gavin S Dawe 1
Affiliation  

Adaptation of the nervous system to different chemical and physiologic conditions is important for the homeostasis of brain processes and for learning and remembering appropriate responses to challenges. Although processes such as tolerance and dependence to various drugs of abuse have been known for a long time, it was recently discovered that even a single pharmacologically relevant dose of various drugs of abuse induces neuroplasticity in selected neuronal populations, such as the dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area, which persist long after the drug has been excreted. Prolonged (self-) administration of drugs induces gene expression, neurochemical, neurophysiological, and structural changes in many brain cell populations. These region-specific changes correlate with addiction, drug intake, and conditioned drugs effects, such as cue- or stress-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. In rodents, adolescent drug exposure often causes significantly more behavioral changes later in adulthood than a corresponding exposure in adults. Clinically the most impairing and devastating effects on the brain are produced by alcohol during fetal development. In adult recreational drug users or in medicated patients, it has been difficult to find persistent functional or behavioral changes, suggesting that heavy exposure to drugs of abuse is needed for neurotoxicity and for persistent emotional and cognitive alterations. This review describes recent advances in this important area of research, which harbors the aim of translating this knowledge to better treatments for addictions and related neuropsychiatric illnesses.

中文翻译:

滥用药物的作用机制和持续的神经可塑性。

神经系统适应不同的化学和生理条件对于大脑过程的稳态以及学习和记忆对挑战的适当反应很重要。尽管对各种滥用药物的耐受和依赖等过程早已为人所知,但最近发现,即使是单一药理学相关剂量的各种滥用药物也会在选定的神经元群体中诱导神经可塑性,例如多巴胺神经元。腹侧被盖区,在药物排出后仍持续很长时间。药物的长期(自我)给药会在许多脑细胞群中诱导基因表达、神经化学、神经生理学和结构变化。这些特定区域的变化与成瘾、药物摄入和条件性药物作用相关,例如提示或压力诱导的药物寻求恢复。在啮齿动物中,青少年药物暴露通常会导致成年后期的行为变化明显多于成年人的相应暴露。临床上对大脑最有害和最具破坏性的影响是在胎儿发育过程中由酒精产生的。在成人娱乐性吸毒者或服药患者中,很难发现持续的功能或行为变化,这表明神经毒性和持续的情绪和认知改变需要大量接触滥用药物。这篇综述描述了这一重要研究领域的最新进展,其目的是将这些知识转化为更好地治疗成瘾和相关的神经精神疾病。与成人相应的接触相比,青少年吸毒通常会导致成年后期的行为变化明显更多。临床上对大脑最有害和最具破坏性的影响是在胎儿发育过程中由酒精产生的。在成人娱乐性吸毒者或服药患者中,很难发现持续的功能或行为变化,这表明神经毒性和持续的情绪和认知改变需要大量接触滥用药物。这篇综述描述了这一重要研究领域的最新进展,其目的是将这些知识转化为更好地治疗成瘾和相关的神经精神疾病。与成人相应的接触相比,青少年吸毒通常会导致成年后期的行为变化明显更多。临床上对大脑最有害和最具破坏性的影响是在胎儿发育过程中由酒精产生的。在成人娱乐性吸毒者或服药患者中,很难发现持续的功能或行为变化,这表明神经毒性和持续的情绪和认知改变需要大量接触滥用药物。这篇综述描述了这一重要研究领域的最新进展,其目的是将这些知识转化为更好地治疗成瘾和相关的神经精神疾病。临床上对大脑最有害和最具破坏性的影响是在胎儿发育过程中由酒精产生的。在成人娱乐性吸毒者或服药患者中,很难发现持续的功能或行为变化,这表明神经毒性和持续的情绪和认知改变需要大量接触滥用药物。这篇综述描述了这一重要研究领域的最新进展,其目的是将这些知识转化为更好地治疗成瘾和相关的神经精神疾病。临床上对大脑最有害和最具破坏性的影响是在胎儿发育过程中由酒精产生的。在成人娱乐性吸毒者或服药患者中,很难发现持续的功能或行为变化,这表明神经毒性和持续的情绪和认知改变需要大量接触滥用药物。这篇综述描述了这一重要研究领域的最新进展,其目的是将这些知识转化为更好地治疗成瘾和相关的神经精神疾病。表明神经毒性以及持续的情绪和认知改变需要大量接触滥用药物。这篇综述描述了这一重要研究领域的最新进展,其目的是将这些知识转化为更好地治疗成瘾和相关的神经精神疾病。表明神经毒性以及持续的情绪和认知改变需要大量接触滥用药物。这篇综述描述了这一重要研究领域的最新进展,其目的是将这些知识转化为更好地治疗成瘾和相关的神经精神疾病。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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