Telecommuting has become an increasingly popular work mode that has generated significant interest from scholars and practitioners alike. With recent advances in technology that enable mobile connections at ever-affordable rates, working away from the office as a telecommuter has become increasingly available to many workers around the world. Since the term telecommuting was first coined in the 1970s, scholars and practitioners have debated the merits of working away from the office, as it represents a fundamental shift in how organizations have historically done business. Complicating efforts to truly understand the implications of telecommuting have been the widely varying definitions and conceptualizations of telecommuting and the diverse fields in which research has taken place.Our objective in this article is to review existing research on telecommuting in an effort to better understand what we as a scientific community know about telecommuting and its implications. In so doing, we aim to bring to the surface some of the intricacies associated with telecommuting research so that we may shed insights into the debate regarding telecommuting's benefits and drawbacks. We attempt to sift through the divergent and at times conflicting literature to develop an overall sense of the status of our scientific findings, in an effort to identify not only what we know and what we think we know about telecommuting, but also what we must yet learn to fully understand this increasingly important work mode.After a brief review of the history of telecommuting and its prevalence, we begin by discussing the definitional challenges inherent within existing literature and offer a comprehensive definition of telecommuting rooted in existing research. Our review starts by highlighting the need to interpret existing findings with an understanding of how the extent of telecommuting practiced by participants in a study is likely to alter conclusions that may be drawn. We then review telecommuting's implications for employees' work-family issues, attitudes, and work outcomes, including job satisfaction, organizational commitment and identification, stress, performance, wages, withdrawal behaviors, and firm-level metrics. Our article continues by discussing research findings concerning salient contextual issues that might influence or alter the impact of telecommuting, including the nature of the work performed while telecommuting, interpersonal processes such as knowledge sharing and innovation, and additional considerations that include motives for telecommuting such as family responsibilities. We also cover organizational culture and support that may shape the telecommuting experience, after which we discuss the community and societal effects of telecommuting, including its effects on traffic and emissions, business continuity, and work opportunities, as well as the potential impact on societal ties. Selected examples of telecommuting legislation and policies are also provided in an effort to inform readers regarding the status of the national debate and its legislative implications. Our synthesis concludes by offering recommendations for telecommuting research and practice that aim to improve the quality of data on telecommuting as well as identify areas of research in need of development.

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远程办公的效率如何？评估我们的科学发现的状态。

远程办公已成为一种越来越流行的工作模式，引起了学者和从业者的极大兴趣。随着最新技术的发展，使移动连接能够以负担得起的价格提供服务，世界各地的许多工人越来越无法使用办公室作为远程通勤者。自从1970年代首次提出“远程办公”一词以来，学者和从业人员一直在争论离开办公室工作的好处，因为它代表了组织历史上开展业务的方式的根本转变。为了真正理解远程办公的含义而进行的复杂工作已成为远程办公的定义和概念，并且进行了许多研究，但定义和概念却千差万别。本文的目的是回顾有关远程办公的现有研究，以更好地了解我们作为科学界对远程办公及其含义的了解。这样做的目的是使与通勤研究相关的一些复杂事物浮出水面，以便我们可以就有关通勤的利弊进行辩论。我们试图筛选出各种不同的文献，有时甚至是相互矛盾的文献，以便对我们的科学发现的状况有一个整体的认识，以便不仅确定我们对远程办公的了解和认识，而且还必须了解学会完全理解这种日益重要的工作模式。在简要回顾一下远程办公的历史及其盛行之后，我们首先讨论现有文献中固有的定义挑战，并提供扎根于现有研究的远程办公的全面定义。我们的回顾首先强调需要解释现有的发现，并了解研究参与者进行远程办公的程度可能会如何改变得出的结论。然后，我们回顾了远程办公对员工的工作家庭问题，态度和工作成果的影响，包括工作满意度，组织承诺和认同，压力，绩效，工资，退出行为和公司级指标。我们的文章继续讨论可能会影响或改变远程办公影响的重大背景问题的研究结果，包括远程办公时所做工作的性质，诸如知识共享和创新之类的人际交往过程以及包括远程办公动机（例如家庭责任）在内的其他注意事项。我们还将介绍可能影响远程办公体验的组织文化和支持，然后讨论远程办公对社区和社会的影响，包括其对交通和排放，业务连续性和工作机会的影响，以及对社会纽带的潜在影响。 。还提供了一些有关通勤立法和政策的示例，以使读者了解国家辩论的现状及其立法含义。