The societal need for a mobile workforce increases time spent commuting and thus also the total workday. How this affects individual well-being and social life is, however, surprisingly little known. We investigated the relation between commuting time and mode, and social participation and general trust in other people as measures of social capital, using data from public health surveys conducted in 2004 and 2008 in Scania, Sweden: in all, 21,088 persons ages 18 to 65 and working at least 30 hr per week. Commuting by car was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of low social participation and low general trust compared with active commuting, and the association increased with the duration of commuting time. In contrast, public commuting was not significantly associated with decreased social capital measures except among long-duration commuters, who reported lower social participation. The overall pattern was similar for men and for women.

中文翻译：

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瑞典南部男性和女性通勤与社会资本的关系

社会对移动劳动力的需求增加了通勤时间，从而增加了总工作日。然而，令人惊讶的是，这如何影响个人福祉和社会生活却鲜为人知。我们使用 2004 年和 2008 年在瑞典斯堪尼亚进行的公共卫生调查数据，调查了通勤时间和通勤方式、社会参与和对他人的普遍信任之间的关系作为社会资本的衡量标准：总共有 21,088 名 18 至 65 岁的人每周至少工作 30 小时。与主动通勤相比，开车通勤与较低的社会参与和较低的普遍信任显着相关，并且这种关联随着通勤时间的延长而增加。相比之下，除了长期通勤者报告社会参与度较低外，公共通勤与社会资本措施的减少没有显着相关性。男性和女性的总体模式相似。