The main objective of this paper is to investigate how archaeological fish remains and written historical records can contribute to the reconstruction of long-term developments of fish communities along the Austrian and Hungarian Danube. Although such approaches are sensitive to various factors, the chronological subdivision and relative quantification of proxy data demonstrate environmental and faunal changes from Prehistory onwards. Intensification of fisheries, decline of large specimens and massive exploitation of small and young fish point to increasing pressure along the chronological sequence towards Early Modern times. One result of this impact was the establishment of regulations and laws to protect such fish. At the same time, the rise of aquaculture and common carp cultivation can be viewed as another upshot of human impact on the Danube’s environment. Finally, the massive import of salted marine fish reflects a compensation for the undersupply caused by overexploitation of the Danube fish fauna and points to the growing demand for fish as food in late medieval and Early Modern times.

中文翻译：

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鱼类仍然是重建奥地利和匈牙利多瑙河鱼类群落长期变化的来源

本文的主要目的是调查考古鱼类遗迹和书面历史记录如何有助于重建奥地利和匈牙利多瑙河沿岸鱼类群落的长期发展。尽管这些方法对各种因素都很敏感，但代用数据的时间细分和相对量化表明，从史前时代开始，环境和动物群发生了变化。渔业的集约化、大型标本的减少以及小型和幼鱼的大规模开发表明，随着时间顺序向近代早期，压力越来越大。这种影响的一个结果是制定了保护此类鱼类的法规和法律。同时，水产养殖和鲤鱼养殖的兴起可以被视为人类对多瑙河环境影响的另一个结果。最后，盐渍海鱼的大量进口反映了对多瑙河鱼类群过度开发造成的供应不足的补偿，并表明中世纪晚期和近代早期对鱼类作为食物的需求不断增长。