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Invertebrates as model organisms for research on aging biology
Invertebrate Reproduction & Development ( IF 0.7 ) Pub Date : 2014-12-09 , DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2014.970002
Mahadev Murthy 1 , Jeffrey L Ram 2
Affiliation  

Invertebrate model systems, such as nematodes and fruit flies, have provided valuable information about the genetics and cellular biology involved in aging. However, limitations of these simple, genetically tractable organisms suggest the need for other model systems, some of them invertebrate, to facilitate further advances in the understanding of mechanisms of aging and longevity in mammals, including humans. This paper introduces 10 review articles about the use of invertebrate model systems for the study of aging by authors who participated in an ‘NIA-NIH symposium on aging in invertebrate model systems’ at the 2013 International Congress for Invertebrate Reproduction and Development. In contrast to the highly derived characteristics of nematodes and fruit flies as members of the superphylum Ecdysozoa, cnidarians, such as Hydra, are more ‘basal’ organisms that have a greater number of genetic orthologs in common with humans. Moreover, some other new model systems, such as the urochordate Botryllus schlosseri, the tunicate Ciona, and the sea urchins (Echinodermata) are members of the Deuterostomia, the same superphylum that includes all vertebrates, and thus have mechanisms that are likely to be more closely related to those occurring in humans. Additional characteristics of these new model systems, such as the recent development of new molecular and genetic tools and a more similar pattern to humans of regeneration and stem cell function suggest that these new model systems may have unique advantages for the study of mechanisms of aging and longevity.

中文翻译:

无脊椎动物作为衰老生物学研究的模式生物

无脊椎动物模型系统,如线虫和果蝇,提供了有关衰老的遗传学和细胞生物学的宝贵信息。然而,这些简单的、遗传上易处理的生物体的局限性表明需要其他模型系统,其中一些是无脊椎动物,以促进对包括人类在内的哺乳动物衰老和长寿机制的进一步理解。本文介绍了 10 篇关于使用无脊椎动物模型系统研究衰老的评论文章,作者参加了 2013 年国际无脊椎动物繁殖和发展大会上的“NIA-NIH 无脊椎动物模型系统衰老研讨会”。与作为超门蜕皮动物成员的线虫和果蝇的高度衍生特征相反,刺胞动物,如九头蛇,是更多的“基础”生物,它们与人类具有更多的遗传直向同源物。此外,其他一些新的模型系统,例如 urochordate Botryllus schlosseri、被囊动物 Ciona 和海胆 (Echinodermata) 是 Deuterostomia 的成员,Deuterostomia 是包括所有脊椎动物的同一个超门,因此具有可能更多的机制与人类发生的事件密切相关。这些新模型系统的其他特征,例如最近开发的新分子和遗传工具以及与人类更相似的再生和干细胞功能模式,表明这些新模型系统可能具有研究衰老和衰老机制的独特优势。长寿。例如 urochordate Botryllus schlosseri、被囊动物 Ciona 和海胆 (Echinodermata) 是 Deuterostomia 的成员,该超门包括所有脊椎动物,因此其机制可能与人类发生的机制更密切相关。这些新模型系统的其他特征,例如最近开发的新分子和遗传工具以及与人类更相似的再生和干细胞功能模式,表明这些新模型系统可能具有研究衰老和衰老机制的独特优势。长寿。例如 urochordate Botryllus schlosseri、被囊动物 Ciona 和海胆 (Echinodermata) 是 Deuterostomia 的成员,该超门包括所有脊椎动物,因此其机制可能与人类发生的机制更密切相关。这些新模型系统的其他特征,例如最近开发的新分子和遗传工具以及与人类更相似的再生和干细胞功能模式,表明这些新模型系统可能具有研究衰老和衰老机制的独特优势。长寿。因此具有可能与人类发生的机制更密切相关的机制。这些新模型系统的其他特征,例如最近开发的新分子和遗传工具以及与人类更相似的再生和干细胞功能模式,表明这些新模型系统可能具有研究衰老和衰老机制的独特优势。长寿。因此具有可能与人类发生的机制更密切相关的机制。这些新模型系统的其他特征,例如最近开发的新分子和遗传工具以及与人类更相似的再生和干细胞功能模式,表明这些新模型系统可能具有研究衰老和衰老机制的独特优势。长寿。
更新日期:2014-12-09
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