It is known that in a vessel whose characteristic dimension (e.g., its diameter) is in the range of 20–500 μm, blood behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid, exhibiting complex phenomena, such as shear-thinning, stress relaxation, and also multi-component behaviors, such as the Fahraeus effect, plasma-skimming, etc. For describing these non-Newtonian and multi-component characteristics of blood, using the framework of mixture theory, a two-fluid model is applied, where the plasma is treated as a Newtonian fluid and the red blood cells (RBCs) are treated as shear-thinning fluid. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation incorporating the constitutive model was implemented using OpenFOAM® in which benchmark problems including a sudden expansion and various driven slots and crevices were studied numerically. The numerical results exhibited good agreement with the experimental observations with respect to both the velocity field and the volume fraction distribution of RBCs.

众所周知，在特征尺寸（例如，直径）在20-500μm范围内的血管中，血液的行为类似于非牛顿流体，表现出诸如剪切稀化，应力松弛等复杂现象。为了描述血液的这些非牛顿和多组分特征，使用混合理论的框架，应用了一种双流体模型，其中血浆是被视为牛顿流体，而红细胞（RBC）被视为剪切稀化流体。使用OpenFOAM®进行了包含本构模型的计算流体动力学（CFD）仿真，其中对包括突然膨胀以及各种驱动槽和缝隙在内的基准问题进行了数值研究。