Influenza A virus (IAV) is a serious global health problem worldwide due to frequent and severe outbreaks. IAV causes significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly population, due to the ineffectiveness of the vaccine and the alteration of T cell immunity with ageing. The cellular and molecular link between ageing and virus infection is unclear and it is possible that damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) may play a role in the raised severity and susceptibility of virus infections in the elderly. DAMPs which are released from damaged cells following activation, injury or cell death can activate the immune response through the stimulation of the inflammasome through several types of receptors found on the plasma membrane, inside endosomes after endocytosis as well as in the cytosol. In this review, the detriment in the immune system during ageing and the links between influenza virus infection and ageing will be discussed. In addition, the role of DAMPs such as HMGB1 and S100/Annexin in ageing, and the enhanced morbidity and mortality to severe influenza infection in ageing will be highlighted.

中文翻译：

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老化中的DAMPs和流感病毒感染。

由于频繁且严重的爆发，甲型流感病毒（IAV）是全球范围内的严重全球健康问题。由于疫苗的无效性以及随着年龄的增长，T细胞免疫力的改变，IAV会在老年人口中引起很大的发病率和死亡率。衰老和病毒感染之间的细胞和分子联系尚不清楚，损伤相关分子模式（DAMPs）可能在老年人病毒感染的严重性和易感性增加中发挥作用。在活化，损伤或细胞死亡后从受损细胞中释放的DAMP可以通过在质膜上，内吞后的内体内部以及在细胞质中发现的几种受体刺激炎症小体来激活免疫反应。在这篇评论中，将讨论衰老过程中免疫系统的损害以及流感病毒感染与衰老之间的联系。此外，将强调DAMPs（如HMGB1和S100 / Annexin）在衰老中的作用，以及衰老过程中严重流感感染的发病率和死亡率增加。