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Turnover of sex chromosomes and speciation in fishes
Environmental Biology of Fishes ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2011-06-04 , DOI: 10.1007/s10641-011-9853-8
Jun Kitano 1 , Catherine L Peichel 2
Affiliation  

Closely related species of fishes often have different sex chromosome systems. Such rapid turnover of sex chromosomes can occur by several mechanisms, including fusions between an existing sex chromosome and an autosome. These fusions can result in a multiple sex chromosome system, where a species has both an ancestral and a neo-sex chromosome. Although this type of multiple sex chromosome system has been found in many fishes, little is known about the mechanisms that select for the formation of neo-sex chromosomes, or the role of neo-sex chromosomes in phenotypic evolution and speciation. The identification of closely related, sympatric species pairs in which one species has a multiple sex chromosome system and the other has a simple sex chromosome system provides an opportunity to study sex chromosome turnover. Recently, we found that a population of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Japan has an X1X2Y multiple sex chromosome system resulting from a fusion between the ancestral Y chromosome and an autosome, while a sympatric threespine stickleback population has a simple XY sex chromosome system. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the neo-X chromosome (X2) plays an important role in phenotypic divergence and reproductive isolation between these sympatric stickleback species pairs. Here, we review multiple sex chromosome systems in fishes, as well as recent advances in our understanding of the evolutionary role of sex chromosome turnover in stickleback speciation.

中文翻译:

鱼类性染色体周转和物种形成

密切相关的鱼类物种通常具有不同的性染色体系统。性染色体的这种快速更新可以通过多种机制发生,包括现有性染色体和常染色体之间的融合。这些融合可以导致多性染色体系统,其中一个物种同时具有祖先和新性染色体。尽管在许多鱼类中发现了这种类型的多性染色体系统,但对选择新性染色体形成的机制,或新性染色体在表型进化和物种形成中的作用知之甚少。鉴定密切相关的同域物种对,其中一个物种具有多个性染色体系统,另一个物种具有简单的性染色体系统,这为研究性染色体周转提供了机会。最近,我们发现来自日本的三棘刺鱼 (Gasterosteus aculeatus) 种群具有 X1X2Y 多性染色体系统,这是由祖先 Y 染色体和常染色体融合形成的,而同域三棘棘鱼种群具有简单的 XY 性染色体系统。此外,我们证明了新 X 染色体 (X2) 在这些同域棘鱼物种对之间的表型分化和生殖隔离中起着重要作用。在这里,我们回顾了鱼类中的多个性染色体系统,以及我们对性染色体更新在棘鱼物种形成中的进化作用的理解的最新进展。而同域三棘刺鱼种群具有简单的 XY 性染色体系统。此外,我们证明了新 X 染色体 (X2) 在这些同域棘鱼物种对之间的表型分化和生殖隔离中起着重要作用。在这里,我们回顾了鱼类中的多个性染色体系统,以及我们对性染色体更新在棘鱼物种形成中的进化作用的理解的最新进展。而同域三棘刺鱼种群具有简单的 XY 性染色体系统。此外,我们证明了新 X 染色体 (X2) 在这些同域棘鱼物种对之间的表型分化和生殖隔离中起着重要作用。在这里,我们回顾了鱼类中的多个性染色体系统,以及我们对性染色体更新在棘鱼物种形成中的进化作用的理解的最新进展。
更新日期:2011-06-04
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