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Sulfur as a binding agent of aggregates in explosive eruptions
Bulletin of Volcanology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2014-09-24 , DOI: 10.1007/s00445-014-0871-1
Teresa Scolamacchia 1 , Donald B Dingwell 1
Affiliation  

Understanding the mechanisms that govern ash aggregation is of critical importance in volcanology. Aggregation reduces the residence time of ash (≤2 mm) in the atmosphere strongly, by enhancing the sedimentation of finer-grained material generated during explosive eruptions. To date, experimental studies have focused on the expectation that water provides the strongest bonds between particles to form spherical to oblate aggregates (typically less than or equal to a few mm, occasionally up to several cm) preserved in pyroclastic deposits. Under water-rich conditions, individual accreted particles rarely exceed 1 mm. In pyroclastic density current deposits produced during the 1982 eruption of El Chichón, Mexico (which emitted 7.5 Tg of SO2 in the atmosphere), aggregate particles one to several millimeters, strongly cemented by a S-rich film, are common. They exhibit similarities with aggregates found in sulfur cones at Poás volcano, Costa Rica. We propose that sulfur is the binder between the silicate grains. Such a binding capacity implies a relatively fluid behavior of sulfur such as might be expected in the low viscosity temperature regime just above its melting point. If so, then the explosive ejection of sulfur during eruptions, combined with its ability to act as a cement for particles >2 mm, would imply that size fractions of lapilli can be efficiently removed from eruptive clouds a few kilometers from the vent. Such an aggregation mechanism would have important implications for pyroclast dispersal models and hazard assessment.

中文翻译:

硫作为爆炸性喷发中聚集体的粘合剂

了解控制灰烬聚集的机制在火山学中至关重要。聚集通过增强爆炸性喷发期间产生的细粒材料的沉降,大大减少了灰分(≤2 毫米)在大气中的停留时间。迄今为止,实验研究集中在预期水提供颗粒之间最强的键以形成保存在火山碎屑沉积物中的球形至扁球形聚集体(通常小于或等于几毫米,有时可达几厘米)。在富含水的条件下,单个附着的颗粒很少超过 1 毫米。在 1982 年墨西哥 El Chichón 喷发期间产生的火山碎屑密度电流沉积物(在大气中排放了 7.5 Tg 的 SO2),聚集颗粒一到几毫米,被富含硫的薄膜强力胶结,是常见的。它们与哥斯达黎加波阿斯火山的硫锥中发现的聚集体有相似之处。我们建议硫是硅酸盐颗粒之间的粘合剂。这种结合能力意味着硫的相对流动行为,例如在刚好高于其熔点的低粘度温度范围内可能预期的。如果是这样,那么火山喷发期间硫的爆炸性喷射,再加上其作为大于 2 毫米颗粒的胶结物的能力,将意味着可以有效地从距喷发口几公里的喷发云中去除碎屑的大小部分。这种聚集机制将对火山碎屑扩散模型和危害评估具有重要意义。我们建议硫是硅酸盐颗粒之间的粘合剂。这种结合能力意味着硫的相对流动行为,例如在刚好高于其熔点的低粘度温度范围内可能预期的。如果是这样,那么火山喷发期间硫的爆炸性喷射,再加上其作为大于 2 毫米颗粒的胶结物的能力,将意味着可以有效地从距喷发口几公里的喷发云中去除碎屑的大小部分。这种聚集机制将对火山碎屑扩散模型和危害评估具有重要意义。我们建议硫是硅酸盐颗粒之间的粘合剂。这种结合能力意味着硫的相对流动行为,例如在刚好高于其熔点的低粘度温度范围内可能预期的。如果是这样,那么火山喷发期间硫的爆炸性喷射,再加上其作为大于 2 毫米颗粒的胶结物的能力,将意味着可以有效地从距喷发口几公里的喷发云中去除碎屑的大小部分。这种聚集机制将对火山碎屑扩散模型和危害评估具有重要意义。结合它作为大于 2 毫米颗粒的水泥的能力,这意味着可以有效地从距喷口几公里的喷发云中去除碎粒的大小部分。这种聚集机制将对火山碎屑扩散模型和危害评估具有重要意义。结合它作为大于 2 毫米颗粒的水泥的能力,这意味着可以有效地从距喷口几公里的喷发云中去除碎粒的大小部分。这种聚集机制将对火山碎屑扩散模型和危害评估具有重要意义。
更新日期:2014-09-24
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